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I installed Kali Linux on VM VirtualBox(my host is Ubuntu 18.04). I am newbee to Kali,but the two linked questions are not related to my problem.
When I try to upgrade Kali

apt upgrade



926 upgraded, 81 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

Need to get 1,503 MB of archives.

After this operation, 622 MB of additional disk space will be used.

E: You don't have enough free space in /var/cache/apt/archives/.

root@kali:~# df -H

Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

udev                       4.2G     0  4.2G   0% /dev

tmpfs                      837M  9.8M  827M   2% /run

/dev/mapper/kali--vg-root   12G   11G  250M  98% /

tmpfs                      4.2G   14M  4.2G   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs                      5.3M     0  5.3M   0% /run/lock

tmpfs                      4.2G     0  4.2G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                  247M   63M  172M  27% /boot

tmpfs                      837M   17k  837M   1% /run/user/130

tmpfs                      837M   33k  837M   1% /run/user/0

How should I change my filesystem configuration?
udev is not used at all,why?

Output with nodes
df --o

Filesystem                Type      Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% 1K-blocks     Used   Avail Use% File Mounted on

udev                      devtmpfs 1015859    390 1015469    1%   4063436        0 4063436   0% -    /dev

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292    744 1020548    1%    817036    10016  807020   2% -    /run

/dev/mapper/kali--vg-root ext4      701760 395200  306560   57%  10985352 10165868  241744  98% -    /

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292     45 1021247    1%   4085168     5340 4079828   1% -    /dev/shm

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292      3 1021289    1%      5120        0    5120   0% -    /run/lock

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292     17 1021275    1%   4085168        0 4085168   0% -    /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1                 ext2       62248    339   61909    1%    240972    60868  167663  27% -    /boot

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292     24 1021268    1%    817032       16  817016   1% -    /run/user/130

tmpfs                     tmpfs    1021292     32 1021260    1%    817032       32  817000   1% -    /run/user/0

pvscan

root@kali:~# pvscan

PV /dev/sda5 VG kali-vg lvm2 [12.40 GiB / 20.00 MiB free]

Total: 1 [12.40 GiB] / in use: 1 [12.40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

root@kali:~# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda5

VG Name kali-vg

PV Size 12.40 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB

Allocatable yes 

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 3175

Free PE 5

Allocated PE 3170

PV UUID R2DnVQ-PUE9-OHbq-2jkh-J5U6-UBik-yJdQGg

And it warns about disk usage

As you surmised, the issue is simply that you don't have enough space in your VirtualBox instance.

This line says it all:

/dev/mapper/kali--vg-root   12G   11G  250M  98% /

So you only have 250 MB of vacant space. And as apt is helpfully telling you:

After this operation, 622 MB of additional disk space will be used.

The solution is simple. Just extend the Logical Volume (LV) that your Virtualbox instance is living on. lvextend should do it. man lvextend should give you sufficient information. Ask on the site or in chat if you need more help.

Backup the virual machine ( clone it) then resize the virtual hard drive:

To incrase the kali.vdi from ~10 G to ~20 G use the following command (from Ubuntu):

VBoxManage modifyhd /Path/to/kali.vdi --resize 20000

Then download Gparted or use a linux live USB.

From Virtualbox, navigate to Setting > Storage > Controller IDE , then attach the gparted.iso

Configure the Virtual-Machine to boot from the optical drive (under Settings > System > Motherboard)

The virtual machine will boot into Gparted, you will be able to resize the virtual hard drive (10 ~> 20 G), apply changes , exit (shutdown)

Remove the attached gpartd.iso from the Controller IDE, then boot your virtual machine.