Enzym




Enzym er enkle eller samansette protein som fortnar kjemiske prosessar, særleg i levande vesen, utan sjølv å bli påverka. Enzym speler ei avgjerande rolle i livsprosessane. Nesten alle celleprosessane treng enzym for å kunna gå føre seg i det omfanget som trengst.


Namnet enzym tyder eigentleg «i gjær», men blir i dag brukt om biologiske katalysatorar i alle slags organismar.


Ofte kan ein lavmolekylær del, koenzymet, skiljast frå ein proteindel, apoenzymet, og desse utgjer saman i laus sambinding det aktive enzymet. Ein skil mellom tre hovudgrupper av enzym:



  • Spaltande, som spaltar under medverknad av vatn og fosforsyre.

  • Transporterande, som overfører oksygen, hydrogen eller elektron


  • Isomerasar, som omdannar ein isomer til ein annan.



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  • Katalysator

    Spire Denne kjemiartikkelen er ei spire. Du kan hjelpe Nynorsk Wikipedia gjennom å utvide han.





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