How “unless” and “until” affect the structure and meaning of a complex sentence Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)Problem in understanding the syntaxIntonation and the changing of meaningGrammatical structure of a complex sentenceHow does 'not' affect and operate with 'until'?Unusual Use of Need in SentenceWhat’s the meaning of the two English expressions “mouthing” and “mock biting”?Clarification on usage of “unless…” sentence structureWhat are the meanings of “in fact or in desire” and “outlook” in this sentence?Metalanguage and Sentence Structure (help!!)How does omitting the subject affect the sentence structure?Using “the book” and the title of the book in a sentence

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How “unless” and “until” affect the structure and meaning of a complex sentence



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)Problem in understanding the syntaxIntonation and the changing of meaningGrammatical structure of a complex sentenceHow does 'not' affect and operate with 'until'?Unusual Use of Need in SentenceWhat’s the meaning of the two English expressions “mouthing” and “mock biting”?Clarification on usage of “unless…” sentence structureWhat are the meanings of “in fact or in desire” and “outlook” in this sentence?Metalanguage and Sentence Structure (help!!)How does omitting the subject affect the sentence structure?Using “the book” and the title of the book in a sentence



.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








0















Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question



















  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    Mar 24 at 15:52







  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:07











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:08












  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    Mar 25 at 11:39












  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:11

















0















Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question



















  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    Mar 24 at 15:52







  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:07











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:08












  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    Mar 25 at 11:39












  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:11













0












0








0


1






Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question
















Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless




meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Mar 24 at 15:41









tchrist♦

110k30296477




110k30296477










asked Mar 24 at 15:27









Sudhir SharmaSudhir Sharma

677




677







  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    Mar 24 at 15:52







  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:07











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:08












  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    Mar 25 at 11:39












  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:11












  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    Mar 24 at 15:52







  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:07











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    Mar 24 at 18:08












  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    Mar 25 at 11:39












  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:11







1




1





The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

– Jason Bassford
Mar 24 at 15:52






The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

– Jason Bassford
Mar 24 at 15:52





1




1





Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

– Hot Licks
Mar 24 at 18:07





Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

– Hot Licks
Mar 24 at 18:07













(But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

– Hot Licks
Mar 24 at 18:08






(But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

– Hot Licks
Mar 24 at 18:08














What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

– Shoe
Mar 25 at 11:39






What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

– Shoe
Mar 25 at 11:39














@Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 12:11





@Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 12:11










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer

























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 9:50











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:58











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    Mar 25 at 20:45











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    Mar 25 at 21:46











Your Answer








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1 Answer
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active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer

























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 9:50











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:58











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    Mar 25 at 20:45











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    Mar 25 at 21:46















1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer

























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 9:50











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:58











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    Mar 25 at 20:45











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    Mar 25 at 21:46













1












1








1







Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer















Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.








share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Mar 25 at 21:30

























answered Mar 24 at 18:37









TrevorDTrevorD

10.7k22558




10.7k22558












  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 9:50











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:58











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    Mar 25 at 20:45











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    Mar 25 at 21:46

















  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 9:50











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    Mar 25 at 12:58











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    Mar 25 at 20:45











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    Mar 25 at 21:46
















Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 9:50





Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 9:50













Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 12:58





Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

– Sudhir Sharma
Mar 25 at 12:58













I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

– TrevorD
Mar 25 at 20:45





I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

– TrevorD
Mar 25 at 20:45













It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

– AlannaRose
Mar 25 at 21:46





It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

– AlannaRose
Mar 25 at 21:46

















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