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MoràviaChequia1859Friborg de Brisgòvia1938josievaFranz BrentanoCarl StumpfHalleSaxònia-Anhalt1901GöttingenFriborg de BrisgòviafenomenologiaPlatonRené DescartesImmanuel Kant1887cristianismejudaïsmeapodicticaMartin HeideggerfenomenologiaconsciénciasolipsistaEdith SteinEugen FinkMartin HeideggerJean-Paul SartreMaurice Merleau-PontyMax Scheler












Edmund Husserl




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Edmund Husserl.


Edmund Husserl (Prossnitz, Moràvia, Chequia 1859 - Friborg de Brisgòvia 1938) foguèt un filosòf alemand d'origina josieva.


Foguèt disciple de Franz Brentano e Carl Stumpf a Halle (Saxònia-Anhalt), e en 1901 foguèt professor a Göttingen e Friborg de Brisgòvia e cap de l'escòla de fenomenologia. Son evolucion intellectuala, marcada successivament per l'influéncia de Platon, René Descartes e Immanuel Kant, descriu una mena d'arc que va del pòl objectiu cap al pòl subjectiu de la consciéncia. Sa primièra òbra se caracteriza per la descobèrta e la descripcion del contengut ideal de la coneissença: las "esséncias" de las causas. Dins las òbras posterioras introdusís la problematica critica de l'ἐποχή[1] e transforma atal lo realisme aparent de la primièra epòca dins una mena d'idealisme transcendental que cèrca dins la consciéncia —una consciéncia transcendentala dins l'estil de Kant e, alara, intersubjectiva— lo fondament absolut del monde dels objèctes que s'i constituís. En mai, en 1887 se convertiguèt al cristianisme luterian e abandonèt lo judaïsme.


Dins las darrièras òbras abòrda de tèmas novèls: la vertat apodictica, la temporalitat de la consciéncia, la mondanitat de l'òme, etc, que semblan de preparar la futura pensada de Martin Heidegger. Considerat coma fondador de la fenomenologia, Husserl concep pas lo fenomèn solament coma la realitat meteissa, coma es donada a l'òme immediatament dins la coneissença. La primièra estapa de la fenomenologia es dominada, doncas, per l'admiracion, gaireben platoniciana, per la preséncia de las causas dins la consciéncia. Soslinha tanben l'intencionalitat de la coneissença: la consciéncia es pas mai solipsista[2], es consciéncia de quicòm e tend totjorn cap a un objècte, e atal la correlacion consciéncia-causa domina la pensada d'Husserl. Demòra pasmens a determinar se la causa es d'esperela o s'es per la consciéncia. Finissent per causir la segonda possibilitat, Husserl transforma definitivament la primitiva fenomenologia de las esséncias en una fenomenologia transcendentala, pausant l'accent sus la reduccion transcendentala; mas, al luòc de s'installar definitivament dins un dels dos pòls de la relacion subjècte-objècte, se situa al plen mièg de l'arc transcendental que los liga e qu'a partir d'el analisa e descriu las estructuras essencialas de l'un e de l'autre. Aquela situacion es inestabla e la pensada d'Husserl dona de pròvas d'aquela inestabilitat. El pensa, mas, aquò es la situacion particulara del filosòf. Aquela pensada influiguèt posteriorment Edith Stein (Santa Teresa Benedicta de la Cròtz), Eugen Fink, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty e Max Scheler, son principal disciple.



Òbras |



  • Über den Begriff der Zahl. Psychologische Analysen (1887).


  • Philosophie der Arithmetik. Psychologische und logische Unters.uchungen (1891).


  • Logische Untersuchungen (Recercas logicas, 1900-01)


  • Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft (1911).


  • Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologische Philosophie (Idèas relativas a una fenomenologia pura e a una filosofia fenomenologica, 1913).


  • Formale und transzendentale Logik (Logica formala e transcendentala, 1929).


  • Méditations cartésiennes (1931).


  • Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie (La crisi de las sciéncias europèas e la fenomenologia transcendentala, 1937).


  • Erfahrung und Urteil (Experiéncia e jutjament, 1939).


Nòtas e referencias |



  1. Epoké es un mot grèc que significa en primièr « arrèst, interrupcion, cessament ». En filosofia aquel tèrme designa subretot la suspension del jutjament


  2. Lo solipsisme consistís a pensar que solament existís lo ieu e que tot lo rèsta, enclusissent lo monde exterior o lo sensible, son d'emanacions mentalas d'aquel ieu






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