Why is the President allowed to veto a cancellation of emergency powers?Is the House responsible for deciding what to fund in the government and is this usually done with “mini-CRs”?What is the minimum number of Legislators required to pass various Acts of Congress?Why is the role of the US president not more closely linked to the House of Representatives?Does the United Kingdom, in practice, have other constitutional principles which limit the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty?Why is the Senate so much more prominent than the House of Representatives?In 2016, why did the GOP win the House popular vote while Clinton won the popular vote?30+ years ago, why was there often a huge split between the presidential and house elections but not anymore?Can't congress override Trump's assumed veto of the temporary spending bill?Why is presidential approval needed for Congress to end a war it did not approve?Why is the Senate leader allowed to decide which bills to vote on?
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Why is the President allowed to veto a cancellation of emergency powers?
Is the House responsible for deciding what to fund in the government and is this usually done with “mini-CRs”?What is the minimum number of Legislators required to pass various Acts of Congress?Why is the role of the US president not more closely linked to the House of Representatives?Does the United Kingdom, in practice, have other constitutional principles which limit the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty?Why is the Senate so much more prominent than the House of Representatives?In 2016, why did the GOP win the House popular vote while Clinton won the popular vote?30+ years ago, why was there often a huge split between the presidential and house elections but not anymore?Can't congress override Trump's assumed veto of the temporary spending bill?Why is presidential approval needed for Congress to end a war it did not approve?Why is the Senate leader allowed to decide which bills to vote on?
This seems like a major bug in checks and balances, since it requires 2/3 majority in both chambers to override the veto.
Doesn't this give the President power to do anything they wish, as long as they have support from only 1/6 of congress (1/3 of one chamber)?
(Actually it only requires 6.4%, by total number of representatives, since Senate is smaller than House.)
united-states veto checks-and-balances state-of-emergency
add a comment |
This seems like a major bug in checks and balances, since it requires 2/3 majority in both chambers to override the veto.
Doesn't this give the President power to do anything they wish, as long as they have support from only 1/6 of congress (1/3 of one chamber)?
(Actually it only requires 6.4%, by total number of representatives, since Senate is smaller than House.)
united-states veto checks-and-balances state-of-emergency
4
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
12
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago
add a comment |
This seems like a major bug in checks and balances, since it requires 2/3 majority in both chambers to override the veto.
Doesn't this give the President power to do anything they wish, as long as they have support from only 1/6 of congress (1/3 of one chamber)?
(Actually it only requires 6.4%, by total number of representatives, since Senate is smaller than House.)
united-states veto checks-and-balances state-of-emergency
This seems like a major bug in checks and balances, since it requires 2/3 majority in both chambers to override the veto.
Doesn't this give the President power to do anything they wish, as long as they have support from only 1/6 of congress (1/3 of one chamber)?
(Actually it only requires 6.4%, by total number of representatives, since Senate is smaller than House.)
united-states veto checks-and-balances state-of-emergency
united-states veto checks-and-balances state-of-emergency
edited 8 hours ago
endolith
asked Mar 15 at 21:14
endolithendolith
1,197727
1,197727
4
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
12
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago
add a comment |
4
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
12
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago
4
4
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
12
12
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
It is a bug in the process, but it's one that has been present (and un-addressed) for more than a quarter century.
When the National Emergencies Act was passed in 1976, it originally said that an emergency would be terminated if each house of Congress voted to do so. Thus a simple majority of both houses was supposed to be able to revoke the emergency.
However, in 1983, the Supreme Court held in INS v. Chadha that Congress couldn't pass laws which gave Congress a "legislative veto" over the President's actions. Thus, any law which included such a provision (like the NEA) lost it.
Without a specific provision in the NEA to create a special type of resolution that didn't need Presidential approval (which was now unconstitutional), it was changed in 1985 to the default "joint resolution" of Congress, which is a resolution passed by both houses and signed by the President, but which doesn't change the law (unlike a bill). This, in turn, means the President can veto it normally, which Congress can then override normally (if it has enough votes).
And yes, to change the law to remove the President's power also requires enough votes to override the veto. It's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it.
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
|
show 5 more comments
The President has that power because the authority to veto legislation is an enumerated power from the Constitution.
The conflict exists now because the Congress has surrendered an excess amount of legislative and pecuniary authority to the Executive Branch. the National Emergency Act gives the President some narrowed powers compared to the previous excesses, but it establishes a path through the delegated authorities Congress has released.
add a comment |
The theory is that if the President tried to do something too outrageous, he would not be able to get the support of even 1/3 of the Senate. The Legislative Branch doesn't want its power to be totally usurped. So the broad scope of the NEA doesn't really give him carte blanche, the checks and balances are still there.
If most of the party members just vote the party line, that's a separate problem.
If the President couldn't veto this joint resolution, that would also be a failure of checks and balances. The President's veto power is a check on the power of the Legislative branch.
add a comment |
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
It is a bug in the process, but it's one that has been present (and un-addressed) for more than a quarter century.
When the National Emergencies Act was passed in 1976, it originally said that an emergency would be terminated if each house of Congress voted to do so. Thus a simple majority of both houses was supposed to be able to revoke the emergency.
However, in 1983, the Supreme Court held in INS v. Chadha that Congress couldn't pass laws which gave Congress a "legislative veto" over the President's actions. Thus, any law which included such a provision (like the NEA) lost it.
Without a specific provision in the NEA to create a special type of resolution that didn't need Presidential approval (which was now unconstitutional), it was changed in 1985 to the default "joint resolution" of Congress, which is a resolution passed by both houses and signed by the President, but which doesn't change the law (unlike a bill). This, in turn, means the President can veto it normally, which Congress can then override normally (if it has enough votes).
And yes, to change the law to remove the President's power also requires enough votes to override the veto. It's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it.
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
|
show 5 more comments
It is a bug in the process, but it's one that has been present (and un-addressed) for more than a quarter century.
When the National Emergencies Act was passed in 1976, it originally said that an emergency would be terminated if each house of Congress voted to do so. Thus a simple majority of both houses was supposed to be able to revoke the emergency.
However, in 1983, the Supreme Court held in INS v. Chadha that Congress couldn't pass laws which gave Congress a "legislative veto" over the President's actions. Thus, any law which included such a provision (like the NEA) lost it.
Without a specific provision in the NEA to create a special type of resolution that didn't need Presidential approval (which was now unconstitutional), it was changed in 1985 to the default "joint resolution" of Congress, which is a resolution passed by both houses and signed by the President, but which doesn't change the law (unlike a bill). This, in turn, means the President can veto it normally, which Congress can then override normally (if it has enough votes).
And yes, to change the law to remove the President's power also requires enough votes to override the veto. It's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it.
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
|
show 5 more comments
It is a bug in the process, but it's one that has been present (and un-addressed) for more than a quarter century.
When the National Emergencies Act was passed in 1976, it originally said that an emergency would be terminated if each house of Congress voted to do so. Thus a simple majority of both houses was supposed to be able to revoke the emergency.
However, in 1983, the Supreme Court held in INS v. Chadha that Congress couldn't pass laws which gave Congress a "legislative veto" over the President's actions. Thus, any law which included such a provision (like the NEA) lost it.
Without a specific provision in the NEA to create a special type of resolution that didn't need Presidential approval (which was now unconstitutional), it was changed in 1985 to the default "joint resolution" of Congress, which is a resolution passed by both houses and signed by the President, but which doesn't change the law (unlike a bill). This, in turn, means the President can veto it normally, which Congress can then override normally (if it has enough votes).
And yes, to change the law to remove the President's power also requires enough votes to override the veto. It's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it.
It is a bug in the process, but it's one that has been present (and un-addressed) for more than a quarter century.
When the National Emergencies Act was passed in 1976, it originally said that an emergency would be terminated if each house of Congress voted to do so. Thus a simple majority of both houses was supposed to be able to revoke the emergency.
However, in 1983, the Supreme Court held in INS v. Chadha that Congress couldn't pass laws which gave Congress a "legislative veto" over the President's actions. Thus, any law which included such a provision (like the NEA) lost it.
Without a specific provision in the NEA to create a special type of resolution that didn't need Presidential approval (which was now unconstitutional), it was changed in 1985 to the default "joint resolution" of Congress, which is a resolution passed by both houses and signed by the President, but which doesn't change the law (unlike a bill). This, in turn, means the President can veto it normally, which Congress can then override normally (if it has enough votes).
And yes, to change the law to remove the President's power also requires enough votes to override the veto. It's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it.
answered Mar 15 at 21:29
BobsonBobson
14.5k13476
14.5k13476
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
|
show 5 more comments
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
5
5
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
Downvoted because you say it's a bug and then go on to explain exactly why it isn't.
– Kevin Krumwiede
2 days ago
10
10
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
@KevinKrumwiede: There's nothing wrong with revising the constitution from time to time to overturn things SCOTUS did that lawmakers disagree with. It wouldn't be the first time it's done, either. See e.g. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_v._Georgia
– Denis de Bernardy
2 days ago
4
4
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
Has the National Emergencies Act itself ever been challenged in court (it sounds like it might be soon)? I know emergency declarations prior to the Act have been challenged, but not necessarily the Act itself. I would argue this Act gives away powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, which would make the Act itself unconstitutional.
– barrycarter
2 days ago
16
16
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
@KevinKrumwiede See the last sentence of the answer: "it's much easier for Congress to give away power than to reclaim it." That's why it's a bug, because this is a fundamental break in the checks & balances system that is supposed to stop one individual from slurping away power and becoming a dictator. Declaring an emergency is an important power to have, because convening hundreds of people takes time -- but I see no reason for an action that happens to be an emergency declaration not to be subject to strong oversight (just like every other Presidential action) when time allows.
– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago
7
7
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
@KevinKrumwiede: I also agree that this is indeed a bug. They could just as easily have amended it to say something like "The emergency shall terminate automatically after six months, unless Congress by law extends it." Maybe also add a term forbidding the President from re-declaring a substantially identical emergency. That would have solved this problem without offending INS v. Chadha.
– Kevin
yesterday
|
show 5 more comments
The President has that power because the authority to veto legislation is an enumerated power from the Constitution.
The conflict exists now because the Congress has surrendered an excess amount of legislative and pecuniary authority to the Executive Branch. the National Emergency Act gives the President some narrowed powers compared to the previous excesses, but it establishes a path through the delegated authorities Congress has released.
add a comment |
The President has that power because the authority to veto legislation is an enumerated power from the Constitution.
The conflict exists now because the Congress has surrendered an excess amount of legislative and pecuniary authority to the Executive Branch. the National Emergency Act gives the President some narrowed powers compared to the previous excesses, but it establishes a path through the delegated authorities Congress has released.
add a comment |
The President has that power because the authority to veto legislation is an enumerated power from the Constitution.
The conflict exists now because the Congress has surrendered an excess amount of legislative and pecuniary authority to the Executive Branch. the National Emergency Act gives the President some narrowed powers compared to the previous excesses, but it establishes a path through the delegated authorities Congress has released.
The President has that power because the authority to veto legislation is an enumerated power from the Constitution.
The conflict exists now because the Congress has surrendered an excess amount of legislative and pecuniary authority to the Executive Branch. the National Emergency Act gives the President some narrowed powers compared to the previous excesses, but it establishes a path through the delegated authorities Congress has released.
answered Mar 15 at 21:58
Drunk CynicDrunk Cynic
8,19232857
8,19232857
add a comment |
add a comment |
The theory is that if the President tried to do something too outrageous, he would not be able to get the support of even 1/3 of the Senate. The Legislative Branch doesn't want its power to be totally usurped. So the broad scope of the NEA doesn't really give him carte blanche, the checks and balances are still there.
If most of the party members just vote the party line, that's a separate problem.
If the President couldn't veto this joint resolution, that would also be a failure of checks and balances. The President's veto power is a check on the power of the Legislative branch.
add a comment |
The theory is that if the President tried to do something too outrageous, he would not be able to get the support of even 1/3 of the Senate. The Legislative Branch doesn't want its power to be totally usurped. So the broad scope of the NEA doesn't really give him carte blanche, the checks and balances are still there.
If most of the party members just vote the party line, that's a separate problem.
If the President couldn't veto this joint resolution, that would also be a failure of checks and balances. The President's veto power is a check on the power of the Legislative branch.
add a comment |
The theory is that if the President tried to do something too outrageous, he would not be able to get the support of even 1/3 of the Senate. The Legislative Branch doesn't want its power to be totally usurped. So the broad scope of the NEA doesn't really give him carte blanche, the checks and balances are still there.
If most of the party members just vote the party line, that's a separate problem.
If the President couldn't veto this joint resolution, that would also be a failure of checks and balances. The President's veto power is a check on the power of the Legislative branch.
The theory is that if the President tried to do something too outrageous, he would not be able to get the support of even 1/3 of the Senate. The Legislative Branch doesn't want its power to be totally usurped. So the broad scope of the NEA doesn't really give him carte blanche, the checks and balances are still there.
If most of the party members just vote the party line, that's a separate problem.
If the President couldn't veto this joint resolution, that would also be a failure of checks and balances. The President's veto power is a check on the power of the Legislative branch.
answered yesterday
BarmarBarmar
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4
"Why" questions are hard to answer because they are vague. Are you asking "what sequence of decisions led to this outcome?" or are you asking "what are the principled arguments that make this decision reasonable?" or what? Can you clarify the question?
– Eric Lippert
2 days ago
12
I think the issue is that (a) everyone recognized the need to lift red tape in an emergency and (b) no one thought a president would declare national emergencies just to further agendas that had not received proper support.
– Cliff AB
2 days ago