How can I include a header file that contains `>` in its name?





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15

















This is quite a contrived problem, I admit, but here it is.



Suppose you have a file with the > character in its name. This is possible on most Unix systems afaik:



$ touch 'weird>name'
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 28 Mag 11:05 weird>name


Now, suppose this file contains C/C++ code and you want to include it as an header:



#include <weird>name>

int main() {
return weird_function();
}


Clang gives me the following error:



test.cpp:1:10: fatal error: 'weird' file not found
#include <weird>name>


Of course, since the preprocessor parses the directive up to the first > and looks for the weird file. But, I wonder if some escaping mechanism exists to allow me to include the right file.



So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?



Edit: Many suggested me why not to use #include "weird>name". I admit that my mind slipped over the quotes syntax while writing the question, but it remains valid because the two syntaxes may ask the compiler to search in different paths (theoretically at least). So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?










share|improve this question
























  • 24





    Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

    – Mat
    May 28 at 9:16






  • 4





    How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

    – Shravan40
    May 28 at 9:17






  • 2





    In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

    – Jonathan Wakely
    May 28 at 9:25






  • 1





    "but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

    – UKMonkey
    May 28 at 9:38








  • 5





    If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

    – SKi
    May 28 at 10:58


















15

















This is quite a contrived problem, I admit, but here it is.



Suppose you have a file with the > character in its name. This is possible on most Unix systems afaik:



$ touch 'weird>name'
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 28 Mag 11:05 weird>name


Now, suppose this file contains C/C++ code and you want to include it as an header:



#include <weird>name>

int main() {
return weird_function();
}


Clang gives me the following error:



test.cpp:1:10: fatal error: 'weird' file not found
#include <weird>name>


Of course, since the preprocessor parses the directive up to the first > and looks for the weird file. But, I wonder if some escaping mechanism exists to allow me to include the right file.



So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?



Edit: Many suggested me why not to use #include "weird>name". I admit that my mind slipped over the quotes syntax while writing the question, but it remains valid because the two syntaxes may ask the compiler to search in different paths (theoretically at least). So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?










share|improve this question
























  • 24





    Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

    – Mat
    May 28 at 9:16






  • 4





    How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

    – Shravan40
    May 28 at 9:17






  • 2





    In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

    – Jonathan Wakely
    May 28 at 9:25






  • 1





    "but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

    – UKMonkey
    May 28 at 9:38








  • 5





    If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

    – SKi
    May 28 at 10:58














15












15








15








This is quite a contrived problem, I admit, but here it is.



Suppose you have a file with the > character in its name. This is possible on most Unix systems afaik:



$ touch 'weird>name'
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 28 Mag 11:05 weird>name


Now, suppose this file contains C/C++ code and you want to include it as an header:



#include <weird>name>

int main() {
return weird_function();
}


Clang gives me the following error:



test.cpp:1:10: fatal error: 'weird' file not found
#include <weird>name>


Of course, since the preprocessor parses the directive up to the first > and looks for the weird file. But, I wonder if some escaping mechanism exists to allow me to include the right file.



So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?



Edit: Many suggested me why not to use #include "weird>name". I admit that my mind slipped over the quotes syntax while writing the question, but it remains valid because the two syntaxes may ask the compiler to search in different paths (theoretically at least). So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?










share|improve this question
















This is quite a contrived problem, I admit, but here it is.



Suppose you have a file with the > character in its name. This is possible on most Unix systems afaik:



$ touch 'weird>name'
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 28 Mag 11:05 weird>name


Now, suppose this file contains C/C++ code and you want to include it as an header:



#include <weird>name>

int main() {
return weird_function();
}


Clang gives me the following error:



test.cpp:1:10: fatal error: 'weird' file not found
#include <weird>name>


Of course, since the preprocessor parses the directive up to the first > and looks for the weird file. But, I wonder if some escaping mechanism exists to allow me to include the right file.



So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?



Edit: Many suggested me why not to use #include "weird>name". I admit that my mind slipped over the quotes syntax while writing the question, but it remains valid because the two syntaxes may ask the compiler to search in different paths (theoretically at least). So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?







c++ c c-preprocessor language-lawyer






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edited May 28 at 9:28









Sneftel

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  • 24





    Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

    – Mat
    May 28 at 9:16






  • 4





    How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

    – Shravan40
    May 28 at 9:17






  • 2





    In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

    – Jonathan Wakely
    May 28 at 9:25






  • 1





    "but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

    – UKMonkey
    May 28 at 9:38








  • 5





    If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

    – SKi
    May 28 at 10:58














  • 24





    Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

    – Mat
    May 28 at 9:16






  • 4





    How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

    – Shravan40
    May 28 at 9:17






  • 2





    In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

    – Jonathan Wakely
    May 28 at 9:25






  • 1





    "but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

    – UKMonkey
    May 28 at 9:38








  • 5





    If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

    – SKi
    May 28 at 10:58








24




24





Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

– Mat
May 28 at 9:16





Step 1: rename the file. Step 2: done.

– Mat
May 28 at 9:16




4




4





How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

– Shravan40
May 28 at 9:17





How about adding the file as #include "weird>name"?

– Shravan40
May 28 at 9:17




2




2





In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

– Jonathan Wakely
May 28 at 9:25





In practice it might search in one additional path, which would only be a problem if you have files called weird>name in multiple places. If that's true, you need to sort your filenames out and stop doing dumb things :-P The correct answer should be "who cares? just don't do that"

– Jonathan Wakely
May 28 at 9:25




1




1





"but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

– UKMonkey
May 28 at 9:38







"but they have different search paths" - yes, '<>': "The intent of this syntax is to search for the files under control of the implementation." thus you should never have to worry about this. If you're including custom files with '<>' then you're doing it wrong.

– UKMonkey
May 28 at 9:38






5




5





If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

– SKi
May 28 at 10:58





If you can't rename the file, then create a symbolic link to the file with better name.

– SKi
May 28 at 10:58












3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















19



















So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?




Yes:



#include "weird>name"



So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?




No. The characters between the < and > must be "any member of the source character set except new-line and >" ([lex.header]). Any escaped form of > would still be a way to represent the > character, which is not allowed. Edit: Implementations are allowed to support implementation-defined escape sequences there though (see [lex.header] p2 and its footnote).



The #include " q-char-sequence " form does allow the > character to appear, even though it might get reprocessed as #include <...> if searching as "..." fails ([cpp.include] p3).



The preprocessor also allows another form ([cpp.include] p4](http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.include#4)), but its effect are implementation-defined, and the implementations I tried do not allow joining weird and > and name into a single preprocessor-token that can then be included






share|improve this answer
























  • 2





    I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

    – gigabytes
    May 28 at 9:18






  • 23





    Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

    – Quentin
    May 28 at 9:18






  • 1





    @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

    – BoBTFish
    May 28 at 9:26






  • 1





    But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

    – gigabytes
    May 28 at 9:29






  • 2





    I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

    – T.C.
    May 28 at 13:11



















7


















Ask the author of your compiler.



The C and C++ standards grant a lot of leeway to implementations over the interpretation of #include directives. There's no requirement that #include <foo.h> causes the inclusion of a file called "foo.h". For instance, a compiler can choose to ROT13 all the source file names if it likes. And for non-alphanumeric characters, the implementation can identify and remap certain character sequences. So if there were a platform where > regularly showed up in filenames, it's likely that a compiler for that platform would specify that, say, g or something would be remapped to >. But the standard doesn't mandate a particular encoding.



Incidentally, the implementation could also just choose to allow #include <weird>name>. Since that is not well-formed under the language standards, an implementation is free to define a meaning for it as an extension.






share|improve this answer




































    1


















    Try below syntax:



    #include "weird>name"





    share|improve this answer






























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      3 Answers
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      3 Answers
      3






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      active

      oldest

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      19



















      So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?




      Yes:



      #include "weird>name"



      So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?




      No. The characters between the < and > must be "any member of the source character set except new-line and >" ([lex.header]). Any escaped form of > would still be a way to represent the > character, which is not allowed. Edit: Implementations are allowed to support implementation-defined escape sequences there though (see [lex.header] p2 and its footnote).



      The #include " q-char-sequence " form does allow the > character to appear, even though it might get reprocessed as #include <...> if searching as "..." fails ([cpp.include] p3).



      The preprocessor also allows another form ([cpp.include] p4](http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.include#4)), but its effect are implementation-defined, and the implementations I tried do not allow joining weird and > and name into a single preprocessor-token that can then be included






      share|improve this answer
























      • 2





        I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 23





        Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

        – Quentin
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 1





        @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

        – BoBTFish
        May 28 at 9:26






      • 1





        But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:29






      • 2





        I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

        – T.C.
        May 28 at 13:11
















      19



















      So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?




      Yes:



      #include "weird>name"



      So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?




      No. The characters between the < and > must be "any member of the source character set except new-line and >" ([lex.header]). Any escaped form of > would still be a way to represent the > character, which is not allowed. Edit: Implementations are allowed to support implementation-defined escape sequences there though (see [lex.header] p2 and its footnote).



      The #include " q-char-sequence " form does allow the > character to appear, even though it might get reprocessed as #include <...> if searching as "..." fails ([cpp.include] p3).



      The preprocessor also allows another form ([cpp.include] p4](http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.include#4)), but its effect are implementation-defined, and the implementations I tried do not allow joining weird and > and name into a single preprocessor-token that can then be included






      share|improve this answer
























      • 2





        I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 23





        Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

        – Quentin
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 1





        @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

        – BoBTFish
        May 28 at 9:26






      • 1





        But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:29






      • 2





        I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

        – T.C.
        May 28 at 13:11














      19














      19










      19










      So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?




      Yes:



      #include "weird>name"



      So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?




      No. The characters between the < and > must be "any member of the source character set except new-line and >" ([lex.header]). Any escaped form of > would still be a way to represent the > character, which is not allowed. Edit: Implementations are allowed to support implementation-defined escape sequences there though (see [lex.header] p2 and its footnote).



      The #include " q-char-sequence " form does allow the > character to appear, even though it might get reprocessed as #include <...> if searching as "..." fails ([cpp.include] p3).



      The preprocessor also allows another form ([cpp.include] p4](http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.include#4)), but its effect are implementation-defined, and the implementations I tried do not allow joining weird and > and name into a single preprocessor-token that can then be included






      share|improve this answer

















      So, in C and/or C++, is there a way to include an header file which has the > character in its name?




      Yes:



      #include "weird>name"



      So is there any escaping mechanism to let me include weird>name using the #include <> syntax?




      No. The characters between the < and > must be "any member of the source character set except new-line and >" ([lex.header]). Any escaped form of > would still be a way to represent the > character, which is not allowed. Edit: Implementations are allowed to support implementation-defined escape sequences there though (see [lex.header] p2 and its footnote).



      The #include " q-char-sequence " form does allow the > character to appear, even though it might get reprocessed as #include <...> if searching as "..." fails ([cpp.include] p3).



      The preprocessor also allows another form ([cpp.include] p4](http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.include#4)), but its effect are implementation-defined, and the implementations I tried do not allow joining weird and > and name into a single preprocessor-token that can then be included







      share|improve this answer















      share|improve this answer




      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited May 28 at 13:16

























      answered May 28 at 9:16









      Jonathan WakelyJonathan Wakely

      139k19 gold badges261 silver badges436 bronze badges




      139k19 gold badges261 silver badges436 bronze badges











      • 2





        I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 23





        Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

        – Quentin
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 1





        @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

        – BoBTFish
        May 28 at 9:26






      • 1





        But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:29






      • 2





        I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

        – T.C.
        May 28 at 13:11














      • 2





        I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 23





        Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

        – Quentin
        May 28 at 9:18






      • 1





        @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

        – BoBTFish
        May 28 at 9:26






      • 1





        But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

        – gigabytes
        May 28 at 9:29






      • 2





        I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

        – T.C.
        May 28 at 13:11








      2




      2





      I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

      – gigabytes
      May 28 at 9:18





      I admit that my mind slipped over the "file" syntax, but the question remains valid even if a little less fun, because <> and "" may search in different paths

      – gigabytes
      May 28 at 9:18




      23




      23





      Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

      – Quentin
      May 28 at 9:18





      Next up: How can I include a header file that contains " in its name?

      – Quentin
      May 28 at 9:18




      1




      1





      @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

      – BoBTFish
      May 28 at 9:26





      @gigabytes This is genuinely the only solution because of the way the language grammar is defined! nongnu.org/hcb/#header-name

      – BoBTFish
      May 28 at 9:26




      1




      1





      But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

      – gigabytes
      May 28 at 9:29





      But this is evidently not a self-respecting question, so you can suppose we are not using a self-respecting compiler :P

      – gigabytes
      May 28 at 9:29




      2




      2





      I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

      – T.C.
      May 28 at 13:11





      I'm not sure the second part is right. Any attempt to escape > would not be actually a > character. That said, the preprocessor is not required to recognize any escape sequences in there.

      – T.C.
      May 28 at 13:11













      7


















      Ask the author of your compiler.



      The C and C++ standards grant a lot of leeway to implementations over the interpretation of #include directives. There's no requirement that #include <foo.h> causes the inclusion of a file called "foo.h". For instance, a compiler can choose to ROT13 all the source file names if it likes. And for non-alphanumeric characters, the implementation can identify and remap certain character sequences. So if there were a platform where > regularly showed up in filenames, it's likely that a compiler for that platform would specify that, say, g or something would be remapped to >. But the standard doesn't mandate a particular encoding.



      Incidentally, the implementation could also just choose to allow #include <weird>name>. Since that is not well-formed under the language standards, an implementation is free to define a meaning for it as an extension.






      share|improve this answer

































        7


















        Ask the author of your compiler.



        The C and C++ standards grant a lot of leeway to implementations over the interpretation of #include directives. There's no requirement that #include <foo.h> causes the inclusion of a file called "foo.h". For instance, a compiler can choose to ROT13 all the source file names if it likes. And for non-alphanumeric characters, the implementation can identify and remap certain character sequences. So if there were a platform where > regularly showed up in filenames, it's likely that a compiler for that platform would specify that, say, g or something would be remapped to >. But the standard doesn't mandate a particular encoding.



        Incidentally, the implementation could also just choose to allow #include <weird>name>. Since that is not well-formed under the language standards, an implementation is free to define a meaning for it as an extension.






        share|improve this answer































          7














          7










          7









          Ask the author of your compiler.



          The C and C++ standards grant a lot of leeway to implementations over the interpretation of #include directives. There's no requirement that #include <foo.h> causes the inclusion of a file called "foo.h". For instance, a compiler can choose to ROT13 all the source file names if it likes. And for non-alphanumeric characters, the implementation can identify and remap certain character sequences. So if there were a platform where > regularly showed up in filenames, it's likely that a compiler for that platform would specify that, say, g or something would be remapped to >. But the standard doesn't mandate a particular encoding.



          Incidentally, the implementation could also just choose to allow #include <weird>name>. Since that is not well-formed under the language standards, an implementation is free to define a meaning for it as an extension.






          share|improve this answer
















          Ask the author of your compiler.



          The C and C++ standards grant a lot of leeway to implementations over the interpretation of #include directives. There's no requirement that #include <foo.h> causes the inclusion of a file called "foo.h". For instance, a compiler can choose to ROT13 all the source file names if it likes. And for non-alphanumeric characters, the implementation can identify and remap certain character sequences. So if there were a platform where > regularly showed up in filenames, it's likely that a compiler for that platform would specify that, say, g or something would be remapped to >. But the standard doesn't mandate a particular encoding.



          Incidentally, the implementation could also just choose to allow #include <weird>name>. Since that is not well-formed under the language standards, an implementation is free to define a meaning for it as an extension.







          share|improve this answer















          share|improve this answer




          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited May 28 at 9:46

























          answered May 28 at 9:36









          SneftelSneftel

          27.4k7 gold badges48 silver badges83 bronze badges




          27.4k7 gold badges48 silver badges83 bronze badges


























              1


















              Try below syntax:



              #include "weird>name"





              share|improve this answer

































                1


















                Try below syntax:



                #include "weird>name"





                share|improve this answer































                  1














                  1










                  1









                  Try below syntax:



                  #include "weird>name"





                  share|improve this answer
















                  Try below syntax:



                  #include "weird>name"






                  share|improve this answer















                  share|improve this answer




                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited May 28 at 10:53









                  Nick Savenia

                  1,2889 silver badges22 bronze badges




                  1,2889 silver badges22 bronze badges










                  answered May 28 at 10:34









                  Javed KhanJaved Khan

                  1572 silver badges8 bronze badges




                  1572 silver badges8 bronze badges


































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