Triosonate




Ein triosonate er ei musikkform som var særleg populær på 1600- og 1700-talet.


Ein triosonate er skriven for to soloinstrument og generalbass, tre instrument i alt og derfor namnet triosonate. Sidan generalbassen vanlegvis består av minst to instrument (typisk ein cello eller bassgambe og eit tangentinstrument som cembalo), vert triosonatar likevel ofte framført av minst fire musikarar.


Melodiinstrumenta som vert nytta er ofte to fiolinar. Eit kjent døme er triosonaten i Johann Sebastian Bachs Musikalisches Opfer , som er for fiolin og fløyte.


Johann Sebastian Bachs triosonatar for orgel (BWV 525-530) kombinerer tre delar av orgelet. Som regel tar høgrehanda, venstrehanda og pedalane kvar sin del og skapar slik same tekstur som i ein trio. Desse seks triosonatane er transkribert for fire musikarar i nyare tid. Ei anna nyskaping som Bach kom med var det som strengt tar ein verkeleg triosonate, med ein concertante (obligato) cembalo og eit melodisk instrument, altså for to musikarar. Kjende døme er dei seks sonatane for cembalo og solofiolin (BWV 1014-1019), tre sonatar for cembalo og gambe (BWV 1027-1029) og dei tre sonatane for cembalo og tverrfløyte (BWV 1030-1032)



Døme |




  • Tomaso Albinoni 12 sonatas da chiesa op.1 og 12 sonatas da camera op.8


  • Arcangelo Corelli 24 sonatas da chiesa op.1 og op.3, 24 sonatas da camera op.2 og op.4.


  • Henry Purcell Tolv sonater i tre delar, 1683, ti sonatar i fire delar, 1697 (begge for fiolinar og generalbass)

  • Johann Sebastian Bach, triosonatane BWV 1036–1039. Somme av desse er av tvilsamt opphav, men er alle typiske for barokk kammermusikk. Dei er skrivne for generalbass og to fiolinar, bortsett frå 1039 som er skriven for to fløyter og generalbass.


  • Dieterich Buxtehude, Op. 1, Seks triosonatar og Op. 2, sju triosonatar. For fiolin, gambe og generalbass. Desse var Buxtehude sine einaste verk som vart publiserte medan han levde.


  • George Frideric Handel triosonatar op.2 og op.5


  • Georg Philipp Telemann rundt 150 triosonatar, hovudsakleg i Corelli-stil.


  • Johann Pachelbel, Musikalische Ergötzung, inneheld seks triosonatar for to fiolinar og basso continuo.


  • Antonio Vivaldi, 12 triosonatar da camera op.1 og to sonatar op.5.


  • Jan Dismas Zelenka, seks trio (eller kvartett) sonatar, ZWV 181. For to oboar, fagott og basso continuo. Desse er teknisk vanskelege stykke som krev ekstremt mykje av fagott- og obo-delane.



Litteratur |



  • Allsop, Peter. The Italian «Trio» Sonata, From Its Origins Until Corelli, Oxford University Press 1992 ISBN 0-19-816229-4 (en)


  • Hogwood, Christopher. La sonata a tre, Edition BBC 1976 (en)


  • Kamien, Roger. Music an Appreciation, Edition Sixth Brief (en)

  • Schenk, Erich. Die Triosonate 1970 et 2005, Laaber Verlag ISBN 3-89007-623-8 (de)


  • Apel, Willi. Italian fiolin Music of the Seventeenth Century . ISBN 0253306833 (en)



Kjelder |



  • Denne artikkelen bygger på «Trio sonata» frå Wikipedia på engelsk, den 23. april 2010.





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