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In every country, some names are particularly common: 'John' in the UK, 'Juan' in Spain, 'Ivan' in Russia. Those names are common almost to the point of being stereotypical (consider 'John Doe').

If I have no more than one or two characters from a particular place, is it bad form to use those extremely common names? On the one hand, those names are common, that's real life. It is quite realistic to have a character from that location carry that name. On the other hand, it feels almost lazy to have a guy from Spain named Juan, and his sister is of course Maria. Like I couldn't be bothered to do the research and find some other names, and went with the most stereotypical ones instead.

Is there a way to strike a balance between conveying a strong sense of location with the names, and not being "too stereotypical"? (My particular situation is a setting in space with people from all over.)

I look for popular names, but not the MOST popular names. For example, I just googled "most popular names in the UK" and found this at the top link. An excerpt:

Boys

Oliver - 6,259

Harry - 5,031

George - 4,929

Noah - 4,273

Jack - 4,190

Jacob - 3,968

Leo - 3,781

Oscar - 3,739

Charlie - 3,724

Muhammad - 3,691

Girls

Olivia - 5,204

Amelia - 4,358

Isla - 3,373

Ava - 3,289

Emily - 3,121

Isabella - 2,627

Mia - 2,590

Poppy - 2,527

Ella - 2,452

Lily - 2,405

Just pick something not in the top 5, it would be realistic, but not obviously stereotypical of the region.

I want to add that some "stereotypical" names are actually not as common as one would think. This is something that readers familiar with the country in question will notice, and is sometimes the main problem with stereotypical names.

For example the Russian name Ivan: I've never actually met a Russian named Ivan. I have met Russians called Alexej, Sergey, Wladimir, Sasha, and Andrei, however. None of the Russian authors I read and love have this name (Fjodor, Arkadi, Boris, Leo, ...). I don't know for sure, I think the name might be an outdated stereotype, i.e. the name might have been common once but not anymore, or it might be a name that is more common in a specific social class, the working class for example.

It's the same with some German names like Michel, Fritz, Franz, Otto, Hans, Heinz etc. that were common up until the early 20th century, but now are much less popular. (Though some German names have had a comeback, for example Anton.) Here it might be related to the Third Reich and how typically German names left a bad taste with some people in the aftermath, but I don't know for sure. In any case Germans in foreign literature still often have one of these names, even if the novel is set in modern times, and it's always jarring. Biblical names like Tobias, David, Simon, Jonas etc. are now much more common.

So I would say that using stereotypical names is not necessarily bad form, but you have to know where the stereotype comes from, and if it is relevant to the time period your novel is set in.

The problem about this is that most of the time we want to read something about special people. Sure, we want to be able to sympathize with the character and for example superhero comics have a history of making it look like everyone could be Superman - or Shazam the 14-year-old-boy-transformed-into-a-superhero - but characters in books, comics, etc. tend to be special in some regards. By giving your protagonist a name that seemingly every second person has they can appear quite boring.

What name do you think would be more memorable: "Shazam" or "Billy"?

Yes, the protagonist in the linked comic series is named "Billy", quite the typical name. But most people will likely find his superhero form more memorable. Maybe you could use this and give your "Juan" and "Maria" interesting and memorable nicknames. Especially if they have a name that seemingly everyone else around them had that could be a reason to try and stand out. How do your characters feel about their name? Do they like this typical name? Maybe they like the feeling of proudly representing the majority. Or maybe they want to be special. Different. Not just another "Juan" or "Maria".

A lot of this depends on the setting. In fantasy or sci-fi settings it's far easier to just come up with new names. In modern day settings like in a thriller you will more likely use "normal" names. But this also depends on a lot of factors. Are you in a rural area where older names are more present? Or a metropolitan city with influences from all around the globe? Is the social class of your characters focused on traditions or innovation?

As you mention that you have a setting with lots of people from all over the world you could use steretypical names a few times. Maybe one or two out of a group of five people would feel like something that can actually happen while still not feeling as if you were simply too lazy to look up other names. But you should think about other options to refer to these characters and you should think about how the characters feel about their own names.

It is bad when your "national" character is one-dimensional. It is perfectly fine when this character is non-stereotypical.

Creating a "representative" characters with stereotypical names is a bad (and well-worn) practice when those characters also reinforce popular stereotypes of a certain nation or racial group. On the other hand, if such character has depth and well-developed, steretotypical name becomes insignificant.

This trope was humorously subverted in the 2002 movie The Cuckoo, in which one of the main characters, a Russian, has name "Ivan", but his newfound friend, Finnish sniper Veikko is not believing it because

when they first met and Veikko asks for Ivan's name, Ivan replies "Get lost!" (in Russian) - and this is how Veikko had called him ever since.

It depends on what sort of story you want to write.

If you want your character to stand out (superhero, famous outlaw, rebel leader, etc.) it's probably better to pick a name that stands out.

If you're trying to show that this is an ordinary person, living an ordinary life, then using something more common can be an effective tool. Think of Winston Smith from 1984 - his last name's meant to sound like a generic, boring British guy. There's nothing particularly remarkable about him. He's a guy who tries to rebel and fails.

A generic name can also be an alias meant to make an interesting character sound less remarkable (spy, secret agent, etc.). For example, John Reese in the TV show Person of Interest.

There's the humor angle, too. Maybe you're writing about some poor guy named "John Doe" that no one can take seriously.

Just to point out, that the names John, Juan, and Ivan (along with the Irish Sean/Shane, Scottish Ian, the French Jean, the Italian Giovanni, the German Hans and many others) are derivations of the Hebrew name Yohanna which means Yahweh (God) is Gracious. Many of the most common Middle-East and European names are derived from Biblical names. John is so common that I'm not sure if you realized that the names you selected are all John-equivalents.

Non-Sterotypical Names tend to be Americans in fiction from outside the United States (If you've watched any BBC shows, like Doctor Who or Top Gear, when an American appears, expect someone to guess their American from the name alone, because it's a weird one). America, being a melting pot culture, could have a odd cultural mashup of names that could be because they are a mixed nationality family following a traditional naming convention (Irish families tend to name first born son in a convention that the first name is the child's paternal Grandfather, second name is child's maternal Grandfather, family name... if an Irish man marries a Hispanic woman, than the name could be Sean Roberto O'Reilly... and that's not assuming that they can always give the kid a Russian name for no reason beyond wanting to be different).

European names to Americans tend to be stereotypical because, well, an English family is going to name their kids English Names, and the French Families are going to give their kids French Names, and the German kids will be given German Names. And each society tends to have rules about naming their kids too.