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Garmur Ritaðar heimildir um Garm | Tilvísanir | Leiðsagnarval„Grímnismál“„Völuspá“„Völuspá“„Allt veit eg, Óðinn“„Baldurs draumar“b

Skepnur í norrænni goðafræði


hundurnorrænni goðafræðiragnarökumHelTýFenrisúlfurÓðinSurtsSnorra SturlusonarSigurður NordalHeljarSleipniBaldurKerberosgrískri goðafræði












Garmur




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Hel ásamt Garmi.


Garmur er hundur í norrænni goðafræði. Hann er einn af óvinum goðanna í ragnarökum og er stundum tengdur við Hel. Í ragnarökum berst Garmur við guðinn Tý og verða þeir hver öðrum að bana.



Ritaðar heimildir um Garm |


Garmur birtist í lista í Grímnismálum þar sem upp eru þuldir ýmsir hlutir sem þykja bestir sinnar tegundar. Þar er Garmur sagður æðstur allra hunda.[1]


Nafn Garms birtist nokkrum sinnum í Völuspá í tengslum við ragnarök. Í kvæðinu erindi þar sem talað er um Garm:







 

Gæsalappir


Geyr Garmur mjög

fyr Gnipahelli,

festur mun slitna

en freki renna.[2]



 

Gæsalappir

Þetta erindi birtist alls þrisvar sinnum í kvæðinu. Erindið er fyrst lesið upp þegar völvan hefur frásögn sína af ragnarökum, aftur þegar Fenrisúlfur hefur fellt Óðin og í þriðja sinn eftir að jörðin er sokkin ofan í sjóinn og himinninn brennur í logum Surts. Svo virðist sem Garmur sé hlekkjaður fyrir framan Gnipahelli og að það marki upphaf ragnaraka þegar hlekkir hans bresta og hann flýr.


Ýmsir fræðimenn telja að Garmur sé einfaldlega annað nafn á Fenrisúlfi, sem er einnig hlekkjaður en rýfur hlekki sína þegar ragnarök koma.[3][4]


Í frásögn Snorra Sturlusonar af ragnarökum fær Garmur stærra hlutverk. Í frásögninni sleppur Garmur úr hlekkjum sínum við Gnipahelli og berst við guðina í ragnarökum ásamt öðrum óvinum ásanna. Garmur á viðureign við guðinn Tý og drepa þeir þar hvorn annan. Sumir fræðimenn, þar á meðal Sigurður Nordal, telja að frásögn Snorra af bardaga Garms og Týs sé hans eigin uppfinning.[3]


Garmur er oft tengdur við hund sem er getið í kvæðinu Baldurs draumar. Í ljóðinu ríður Óðinn til Heljar á Sleipni til þess að komast á snoðir um vonda drauma sem Baldur hefur dreymt. Á leið sinni til Heljar mætir Óðinn hundi sem gólar mjög en hindrar þó ekki för hans:







 

Gæsalappir


Upp reis Óðinn,

alda gautr,

ok hann á Sleipni

söðul of lagði;

reið hann niðr þaðan

niflheljar til;

mætti hann hvelpi,

þeim er ór helju kom.

Sá var blóðugr

um brjóst framan

ok galdrs föður

gól of lengi;

fram reið Óðinn,

foldvegr dunði;

hann kom at hávu

Heljar ranni.[5]



 

Gæsalappir

Þessi hundur er oft talinn vera Garmur. Samkvæmt þessari kenningu er Garmur nokkurs konar varðhundur við hlið dauðraheimsins líkt og hundurinn Kerberos í grískri goðafræði.[4] Ekkert er þó hægt að fullyrða um slíkt, né um eðli Garms eða hlutverk hans.



Tilvísanir |



  1. „Grímnismál“. Snerpa, skoðað þann 25. mars 2019.


  2. „Völuspá“. Snerpa, skoðað þann 25. mars 2019.


  3. 3,03,1 Sigurður Nordal (2. febrúar 1923). „Völuspá“. Árbók Háskóla Íslands, skoðað þann 25. mars 2019.


  4. 4,04,1 Sölvi Sveinsson (1. mars 1993). „Allt veit eg, Óðinn“. Tímarit Máls og menningar, skoðað þann 25. mars 2019.


  5. „Baldurs draumar“. Heimskringla.no, skoðað þann 25. mars 2019.









Sótt frá „https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garmur&oldid=1631924“










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