Hjelpeverb




Eit hjelpeverb er eit verb som ikkje opptrer aleine i setninga, og som ikkje har sjølvstendig grammatisk innhald, men som modifiserer eit leksikalsk verb. Vi skil mellom modale, temporale og passivdannande hjelpeverb.



Syntaktiske særdrag |


Hjelpeverb skil seg syntaktisk frå andre verb. I dei fleste norske dialektar tar hjelpeverb infinitivar som komplement utan infinitivsmerke, t.d. Eg kan sykle, jf. Eg prøver å sykle. Til skilnad frå andre verb kan hjelpeverb ikkje erstattast med proverbet gjere:



  • Syklar du? -- Ja, eg gjer det."

  • Kan du sykle? -- Ja, eg kan det. / *Ja, eg gjer det.



Morfologiske særdrag |



Hjelpeverba er definert som gruppe med syntaktiske kriteria, men dei skil seg ofte frå andre verb også morfologisk. I engelsk manglar t.d. hjelpeverba formativen -s i 3. person singularis (I can).



Spire Denne språkartikkelen er ei spire. Du kan hjelpe Nynorsk Wikipedia gjennom å utvide han.






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