Can you compress metal and what would be the consequences?












9












$begingroup$


Following my mutant thread, I'd like some insight on one of them.



I wrote this first generation highly powerful mutant whose ability revolves around metal.



(Context, skippable if you're only here for the scientific part)




For the context, a group of first-gen mutants got together, and seeing their power could loosely represent the greek pantheon, they decided to spin their super-identity around the concept. The metal bender is Hephaïstos.




The mutant in question, on top of being extremely strong, can "shrink" (and un-shrink) metal, while making it retains its mass. He creates several tons oversized weapons, then shrink them and use them in combat.



(Some more skippable context)




To be precise, he shrinks them until they're bauble-sized, wears (litteral) tons of them, and un-shrink them/seize them appropriately when needed. (Needless to say, Hephaïstos is buffed)




From my basic understanding of physics, you could theoretically accomplish that by forcing atoms to stick closer to each other. The process would increase the density (so mass is conserved) and produce a lower volume - equal weight object.



I'd like to know if it is theoretically plausible and if so, what would be the consequences:




  1. Would the object keep the same composition? (I.e. Iron keeps being iron, and does not become uranium)

  2. Would the object retains its weight?

  3. Would it affect the object durability in any way?


Thanks for pointing out any mistakes in the reasoning or the consequences, and please excuse any misuse of physical terms (I'll be happy to correct if you point it out). The exact process by which atoms are forced to stick closer to each other is the hand-waved part.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
    $endgroup$
    – L.Dutch
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
    $endgroup$
    – Cort Ammon
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
    $endgroup$
    – Jared K
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Hughes
    8 hours ago
















9












$begingroup$


Following my mutant thread, I'd like some insight on one of them.



I wrote this first generation highly powerful mutant whose ability revolves around metal.



(Context, skippable if you're only here for the scientific part)




For the context, a group of first-gen mutants got together, and seeing their power could loosely represent the greek pantheon, they decided to spin their super-identity around the concept. The metal bender is Hephaïstos.




The mutant in question, on top of being extremely strong, can "shrink" (and un-shrink) metal, while making it retains its mass. He creates several tons oversized weapons, then shrink them and use them in combat.



(Some more skippable context)




To be precise, he shrinks them until they're bauble-sized, wears (litteral) tons of them, and un-shrink them/seize them appropriately when needed. (Needless to say, Hephaïstos is buffed)




From my basic understanding of physics, you could theoretically accomplish that by forcing atoms to stick closer to each other. The process would increase the density (so mass is conserved) and produce a lower volume - equal weight object.



I'd like to know if it is theoretically plausible and if so, what would be the consequences:




  1. Would the object keep the same composition? (I.e. Iron keeps being iron, and does not become uranium)

  2. Would the object retains its weight?

  3. Would it affect the object durability in any way?


Thanks for pointing out any mistakes in the reasoning or the consequences, and please excuse any misuse of physical terms (I'll be happy to correct if you point it out). The exact process by which atoms are forced to stick closer to each other is the hand-waved part.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
    $endgroup$
    – L.Dutch
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
    $endgroup$
    – Cort Ammon
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
    $endgroup$
    – Jared K
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Hughes
    8 hours ago














9












9








9


1



$begingroup$


Following my mutant thread, I'd like some insight on one of them.



I wrote this first generation highly powerful mutant whose ability revolves around metal.



(Context, skippable if you're only here for the scientific part)




For the context, a group of first-gen mutants got together, and seeing their power could loosely represent the greek pantheon, they decided to spin their super-identity around the concept. The metal bender is Hephaïstos.




The mutant in question, on top of being extremely strong, can "shrink" (and un-shrink) metal, while making it retains its mass. He creates several tons oversized weapons, then shrink them and use them in combat.



(Some more skippable context)




To be precise, he shrinks them until they're bauble-sized, wears (litteral) tons of them, and un-shrink them/seize them appropriately when needed. (Needless to say, Hephaïstos is buffed)




From my basic understanding of physics, you could theoretically accomplish that by forcing atoms to stick closer to each other. The process would increase the density (so mass is conserved) and produce a lower volume - equal weight object.



I'd like to know if it is theoretically plausible and if so, what would be the consequences:




  1. Would the object keep the same composition? (I.e. Iron keeps being iron, and does not become uranium)

  2. Would the object retains its weight?

  3. Would it affect the object durability in any way?


Thanks for pointing out any mistakes in the reasoning or the consequences, and please excuse any misuse of physical terms (I'll be happy to correct if you point it out). The exact process by which atoms are forced to stick closer to each other is the hand-waved part.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Following my mutant thread, I'd like some insight on one of them.



I wrote this first generation highly powerful mutant whose ability revolves around metal.



(Context, skippable if you're only here for the scientific part)




For the context, a group of first-gen mutants got together, and seeing their power could loosely represent the greek pantheon, they decided to spin their super-identity around the concept. The metal bender is Hephaïstos.




The mutant in question, on top of being extremely strong, can "shrink" (and un-shrink) metal, while making it retains its mass. He creates several tons oversized weapons, then shrink them and use them in combat.



(Some more skippable context)




To be precise, he shrinks them until they're bauble-sized, wears (litteral) tons of them, and un-shrink them/seize them appropriately when needed. (Needless to say, Hephaïstos is buffed)




From my basic understanding of physics, you could theoretically accomplish that by forcing atoms to stick closer to each other. The process would increase the density (so mass is conserved) and produce a lower volume - equal weight object.



I'd like to know if it is theoretically plausible and if so, what would be the consequences:




  1. Would the object keep the same composition? (I.e. Iron keeps being iron, and does not become uranium)

  2. Would the object retains its weight?

  3. Would it affect the object durability in any way?


Thanks for pointing out any mistakes in the reasoning or the consequences, and please excuse any misuse of physical terms (I'll be happy to correct if you point it out). The exact process by which atoms are forced to stick closer to each other is the hand-waved part.







reality-check physics metals






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 7 hours ago









Cyn

11.2k12453




11.2k12453










asked 14 hours ago









NyakouaiNyakouai

1,6661925




1,6661925








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
    $endgroup$
    – L.Dutch
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
    $endgroup$
    – Cort Ammon
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
    $endgroup$
    – Jared K
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Hughes
    8 hours ago














  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
    $endgroup$
    – L.Dutch
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
    $endgroup$
    – Cort Ammon
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
    $endgroup$
    – Jared K
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Hughes
    8 hours ago








2




2




$begingroup$
Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
$endgroup$
– L.Dutch
13 hours ago




$begingroup$
Why did you use the spoiler formatting?
$endgroup$
– L.Dutch
13 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
@L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
$endgroup$
– Nyakouai
13 hours ago




$begingroup$
@L.Dutch Last questions with the story bit got sidetracked with people focusing on the setting rather than the question. I try to keep it not "story-based" and more "general question that can be applied everywhere". (First question I hadn't even put a single bit of context, but people flagged it as "not worldbuilding").
$endgroup$
– Nyakouai
13 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
$endgroup$
– Cort Ammon
12 hours ago




$begingroup$
Worth noting: metals can compress, just not by much. They resist it with a great deal of force. Also, compressing enriched Uranium a few percent is precisely how nuclear bombs are set off. Food for thought.
$endgroup$
– Cort Ammon
12 hours ago












$begingroup$
The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
$endgroup$
– Jared K
9 hours ago




$begingroup$
The amount of heat energy in the material would also be conserved. So when the weapons are shrunk, they would get hot. If he tries to shrink several-ton weapons to hand-size, they might get hot enough to melt or deform. In which case he'd need to do something to cool off the excess heat as he shrinks them.
$endgroup$
– Jared K
9 hours ago












$begingroup$
Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
$endgroup$
– Patrick Hughes
8 hours ago




$begingroup$
Short observation and a framework to think of your problem: in modern life heating metal expands it and cooling metal shrinks it. Not much in percentage terms, but noticeable in that heating a stuck metal lid will let you open the jar =) In normal physics the same would apply, like people say here if you compress then the heat will be raised by the matching amount that cooling the metal would have done the same.
$endgroup$
– Patrick Hughes
8 hours ago










8 Answers
8






active

oldest

votes


















10












$begingroup$

Of course it's plausible!



Your world, your rules.



Since you have what is basically a human doing the shrinking & expanding of the metal, the obvious means is a kind of magic. As you already said: the mutant squeezes the metal so that the atoms press closer together, then reexpands the metal to its normal dimensions.



Consequences:




  • eventually, if he squeezes the metal enough, he might end up with a neutronium bauble.

  • if the number of atomic particles remains constant, then the weight will remain the same; it'll just be in a smaller space.

  • durability should remain the same as well. Magic after all!

  • the only open question is how Hephaistos keeps the metal squozen down into bauble form: we would need incredible pressure generating machines & technology to accomplish this feat, and would need to keep applying those forces in order to keep the metal compressed. He must also be making use of some kind of force field that maintains the bauble's diminutive size. Presumably, if he falls unconscious or is killed, his weapons will lose their magical integrity and will explosively expand back to their original volume.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$









  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    14 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
    $endgroup$
    – John Dvorak
    13 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
    $endgroup$
    – Hobbamok
    13 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander
    11 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
    $endgroup$
    – Moshe Katz
    5 hours ago



















10












$begingroup$

Nice idea, but unfortunately not very realistic



Here's why:




  • First off: Of course the atoms would be closer together but they would also repel each other. Which means as soon as you release the pressure, the atoms would push each other away and the weapon becomes bigger again, maybe not as big as originally but definitely quite close to that

  • Heat is an important factor. If you pump your tire with a hand pump and you touch the shaft of the pump afterwards you will notice that it will be quite hot. If you compress a weapon like you described there will be a lot of heat that has to be transported away. Else your weapon would either melt or lose its properties (see below)

  • Even if two pieces of metal or composed of the same element they can be different in the shape of the metal crystals. E.g. If you heat iron in a forge and cool it down slowly it will be softer and more flexible. If you cool it rapidly it will be very hard but break more easily. So the components in your weapon would probably loose their properties if you compress them.

  • Let's say you could compress them regardless of the facts above: How would you do it? If you apply pressure in one direction the weapon will squeeze towards the other direction. So you'd need to apply the pressure from all direction and it has to be exactly the same amount of pressure. Else your weapon will deform and will be useless after inflation.

  • And last but not least: How would you inflate it again without deformation? You'd need to reverse the process described above with perfect precision






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$









  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    14 hours ago



















7












$begingroup$

While not realistic per se, as pointed out by the answer of CKA, it can work as an "arbitrary" superpower, as long as it is consistent. So, what would happen if this Hephaïstos actually had the power of squeezing metal atoms together by thousandfolds if not millionfolds? He would create degenerate matter, the stuff white dwarf stars are made of.



The compression would heat the metal to immense temperatures, so I will assume that the extra heat is temporarily stored by the power itself, and put back when it stops acting. Heat transfer depending on surface, it may have an immense heat capacity for its size, assuming the stable degenerate matter somehow keeps working like a metal in that regard.



If the power stops instantly, then those baubles are bombs, possibly equivalent to nuclear weapons.



If his power has an "inertia", and the bauble only slowly expands back to its original size once the effect stops, he can still use the expansion to break pretty much anything, but in the way of a hydraulic piston instead of a bomb. Inversely, the compression itself may be used to crush things with irresistible force, possibly up to nuclear fusion level. If you want to avoid this, the compression or expansion effect may be resisted externally due to how the power itself works - if expansion is limited, an object could be kept indefinitely in its compressed state if, for example, encased in something hard.



Baubles massing several tons are extraordinarily scary things. They will fall through the ground if you leave them there. So as Hephaïstos is strong enough to wear it, he is also strong enough to throw them, and there is nothing (barring other superpowers) that can survive that level of armour-piercing. If he needs less armour-piercing and more impact damage, simply compress it less, to have more contact surface for the same projectile mass and speed. If he can compress and throw shrapnel, armor-piercing dust would also be a terrifying weapon. And of course, a bauble knife or cutting wire will cut through anything. Conversely, compressed armor will stop any non-superpowered attack with sheer mass and density.



Also note that Hephaïstos is not only immensely strong, to be able to carry those, he also has an incredibly resistant skin (and clothes), or some sort of telekinetic powers. Otherwise, the baubles will go through him as easily as through any ordinary matter. (This type of required secondary superpower is similar to how Superman can grab a car by its bumper without ripping said bumper apart.)



And of course, let's not forget that he is wearing literally tons of equipment, so a car hitting him will stop the car, not send him flying.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
    $endgroup$
    – Nyakouai
    12 hours ago








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
    $endgroup$
    – Eth
    12 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
    $endgroup$
    – Eth
    12 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
    $endgroup$
    – Eth
    10 hours ago





















4












$begingroup$

Metals are to some degree compressible, and they may be compressed even further undergoing some phase transitions to denser modifications. Plutonium is a metal famous for having many modifications and a more dense modification created under high pressure is one ingredient of a nuclear bomb.



However, under given conditions (pressure and temperature) only one modification is stable and the other modifications are usually unstable or in rare cases meta-stable (like diamond, a meta-stable modification of carbon/graphite under normal conditions). A phase transition is always mass preserving and the chemical identity of the material is unchanged, but the stability of an object is usually not guaranteed and sharpness of weapons is surely not preserved.



The best your mutants can have are weapons made of very dense meta-stable metal causing heavy violence to the victims and breaking weapons made of low density metals. Live transformations from small to big or vice versa won't work. Depending on the tech level, those very heavy weapons are probably copy-protected (but still can be conquered or stolen by non-mutants).






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    0












    $begingroup$

    *Your World, Your Rules*



    Having a basic understanding of the physics in our world can help you formulate a reasonable alternative for your world.



    Here are a couple of articles that explain atoms and nuclei,




    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

    • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/atomprop.html


    Roughly paraphrasing the CUNY article,




    An atom is about 10e-10 meters in size. Although atoms of different
    elements vary in sizes, use a rough estimate of 10e-10 as the size of
    any atom.



    An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. The
    nucleus is about 10e-15 m in size (about 10e-5 or 1/100,000 of the
    atom). A good comparison of the nucleus to the atom is a pea in the
    middle of a racetrack.



    The nucleus is composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (zero).
    There is a nuclear force which is (mostly) attractive and acts between
    protons and neutrons, and is stronger than the repulsive electric
    force.




    Your blacksmith could generate some 'field' or alter metals to,




    1. manipulate (amplify) the nuclear force of metals

    2. moderate (reduce or weaken) repulsive force between nuclei of metals

    3. add another particle to the nuclei of metals (to do the above)


    Option 3 makes the most sense to me, depends upon how your desired storytelling






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$





















      0












      $begingroup$

      Don't forget about inertia. You must push as hard to move a bauble as if it were its normal size & every movement continues in its direction & rotation until you put in the same energy as you did to get it started. (Consider handling a piano via an attached bracelet charm.) This also means that the force & pressure to push it and get the friction to twist it is increased.



      On the other hand, you really don't need weapons or metals, you can just compress rocks or for that matter marshmallows, because when you throw them the target is going to have to donate the same amount of energy at the same pressures as you.



      PS Asimov addressed some of these issues in the introduction of, text of, and essays about his novelization of the movie Fantastic Voyage, wherein humans & their submarine are shrunk to do surgery.






      share|improve this answer








      New contributor




      philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.






      $endgroup$





















        0












        $begingroup$

        The size of atoms, the size of molecules, and the distance of metal atoms in the crystal grid are determined by the size of the electron hull, which in turn depends on the interaction of the electrons with each other and with the nucleus.



        Electrons around nuclei behave a bit like three-dimensional standing waves, comparable to a resonating surface, but in space. The wave's shape is determined by the electric charge of the electron and proton, the mass of the electron, its energy and the vacuum permittivity.
        The latter in turn is connected to the light speed; higher speed of light would decrease the permittivity which in turn would increase forces between charges, if I understand correctly. Let's assume that higher forces would result in smaller atoms and denser crystal grids. All your hero needs to do is to locally increase the speed of light. I would think that that is equivalent to locally speeding up time. Easy ;-).






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$





















          0












          $begingroup$

          I'll be looking at the energy side of this with my admittedly very cursory understanding of degenerate matter, because it's pretty interesting. If you want to compress metal down to small, but still macroscopic sizes it's probably alright to disregard anything to do with the nucleus and just look at the Fermi energy of the electron gas within the metal. The energy per electron is $E = hbar^2 (3pi^2*Electron Density)^{2/3}/2me $ in a Fermi gas. According to this table http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html the value for iron would be $17*10^{28}$ free electrons per cubic meter. Which gives us about $11 eV$ of energy per free electron. If you want to cut the iron's density by a factor of say, ten, we have ten times higher electron density and an increase in energy of $10^{2/3}$, ca. $4.64$. So each free electron has an energy of about $51eV$ now. As said before, there's $17*10^{28}$ free electrons in a cubic meter of iron. Each of those has 40 additional electronvolts of energy now, which comes up to a total of $1.09 * 10^{12} J$ of energy, or $260 t$ of TNT equivalent. Yep, a block of metal is practically a small nuke. Formidable indeed if your mutant can also spontaneously decompress metal.



          To answer 1): The density in a White Dwarf is a hundred thousand times larger than iron, but the nuclei still stay intact in the degenerate electron gas. Iron will stay iron even for a very high compression.
          2): Yes, I see nothing that would indicate otherwise. It's just very dense.
          3): Realistically it'd be a white hot nugget of extremely high temperature, see math above. Having it be stable requires handwaving. It makes intuitive sense that extreme density would also result in an increase in durability though, there's simply more mass to move out of the way if someone wants to punch a hole into it. Another cool property you could give these metals is superconductivity. Highly compressed hydrogen is theorized to turn into a superconducting metal for example, so it's not a farfetched idea to apply that here too. There's all kinds of cool stuff coming with that, like levitating in magnetic fields.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$














            Your Answer





            StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
            return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
            StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
            StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
            });
            });
            }, "mathjax-editing");

            StackExchange.ready(function() {
            var channelOptions = {
            tags: "".split(" "),
            id: "579"
            };
            initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

            StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
            // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
            if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
            StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
            createEditor();
            });
            }
            else {
            createEditor();
            }
            });

            function createEditor() {
            StackExchange.prepareEditor({
            heartbeatType: 'answer',
            autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
            convertImagesToLinks: false,
            noModals: true,
            showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
            reputationToPostImages: null,
            bindNavPrevention: true,
            postfix: "",
            imageUploader: {
            brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
            contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
            allowUrls: true
            },
            noCode: true, onDemand: true,
            discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
            ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
            });


            }
            });














            draft saved

            draft discarded


















            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworldbuilding.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f143654%2fcan-you-compress-metal-and-what-would-be-the-consequences%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown

























            8 Answers
            8






            active

            oldest

            votes








            8 Answers
            8






            active

            oldest

            votes









            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            10












            $begingroup$

            Of course it's plausible!



            Your world, your rules.



            Since you have what is basically a human doing the shrinking & expanding of the metal, the obvious means is a kind of magic. As you already said: the mutant squeezes the metal so that the atoms press closer together, then reexpands the metal to its normal dimensions.



            Consequences:




            • eventually, if he squeezes the metal enough, he might end up with a neutronium bauble.

            • if the number of atomic particles remains constant, then the weight will remain the same; it'll just be in a smaller space.

            • durability should remain the same as well. Magic after all!

            • the only open question is how Hephaistos keeps the metal squozen down into bauble form: we would need incredible pressure generating machines & technology to accomplish this feat, and would need to keep applying those forces in order to keep the metal compressed. He must also be making use of some kind of force field that maintains the bauble's diminutive size. Presumably, if he falls unconscious or is killed, his weapons will lose their magical integrity and will explosively expand back to their original volume.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$









            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
              $endgroup$
              – John Dvorak
              13 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
              $endgroup$
              – Hobbamok
              13 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              11 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
              $endgroup$
              – Moshe Katz
              5 hours ago
















            10












            $begingroup$

            Of course it's plausible!



            Your world, your rules.



            Since you have what is basically a human doing the shrinking & expanding of the metal, the obvious means is a kind of magic. As you already said: the mutant squeezes the metal so that the atoms press closer together, then reexpands the metal to its normal dimensions.



            Consequences:




            • eventually, if he squeezes the metal enough, he might end up with a neutronium bauble.

            • if the number of atomic particles remains constant, then the weight will remain the same; it'll just be in a smaller space.

            • durability should remain the same as well. Magic after all!

            • the only open question is how Hephaistos keeps the metal squozen down into bauble form: we would need incredible pressure generating machines & technology to accomplish this feat, and would need to keep applying those forces in order to keep the metal compressed. He must also be making use of some kind of force field that maintains the bauble's diminutive size. Presumably, if he falls unconscious or is killed, his weapons will lose their magical integrity and will explosively expand back to their original volume.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$









            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
              $endgroup$
              – John Dvorak
              13 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
              $endgroup$
              – Hobbamok
              13 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              11 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
              $endgroup$
              – Moshe Katz
              5 hours ago














            10












            10








            10





            $begingroup$

            Of course it's plausible!



            Your world, your rules.



            Since you have what is basically a human doing the shrinking & expanding of the metal, the obvious means is a kind of magic. As you already said: the mutant squeezes the metal so that the atoms press closer together, then reexpands the metal to its normal dimensions.



            Consequences:




            • eventually, if he squeezes the metal enough, he might end up with a neutronium bauble.

            • if the number of atomic particles remains constant, then the weight will remain the same; it'll just be in a smaller space.

            • durability should remain the same as well. Magic after all!

            • the only open question is how Hephaistos keeps the metal squozen down into bauble form: we would need incredible pressure generating machines & technology to accomplish this feat, and would need to keep applying those forces in order to keep the metal compressed. He must also be making use of some kind of force field that maintains the bauble's diminutive size. Presumably, if he falls unconscious or is killed, his weapons will lose their magical integrity and will explosively expand back to their original volume.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            Of course it's plausible!



            Your world, your rules.



            Since you have what is basically a human doing the shrinking & expanding of the metal, the obvious means is a kind of magic. As you already said: the mutant squeezes the metal so that the atoms press closer together, then reexpands the metal to its normal dimensions.



            Consequences:




            • eventually, if he squeezes the metal enough, he might end up with a neutronium bauble.

            • if the number of atomic particles remains constant, then the weight will remain the same; it'll just be in a smaller space.

            • durability should remain the same as well. Magic after all!

            • the only open question is how Hephaistos keeps the metal squozen down into bauble form: we would need incredible pressure generating machines & technology to accomplish this feat, and would need to keep applying those forces in order to keep the metal compressed. He must also be making use of some kind of force field that maintains the bauble's diminutive size. Presumably, if he falls unconscious or is killed, his weapons will lose their magical integrity and will explosively expand back to their original volume.







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 14 hours ago









            elemtilaselemtilas

            14.5k23264




            14.5k23264








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
              $endgroup$
              – John Dvorak
              13 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
              $endgroup$
              – Hobbamok
              13 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              11 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
              $endgroup$
              – Moshe Katz
              5 hours ago














            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
              $endgroup$
              – John Dvorak
              13 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
              $endgroup$
              – Hobbamok
              13 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
              $endgroup$
              – Alexander
              11 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
              $endgroup$
              – Moshe Katz
              5 hours ago








            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            14 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Cool bit with the weapons regaining their size if he falls unconscious or is killed. The rest being the "power of handwavium", I'm not too worried. Thanks for the check!
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            14 hours ago












            $begingroup$
            Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
            $endgroup$
            – John Dvorak
            13 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Presumably the force that holds the weapon shrunk is the same one as Ant-Man uses, minus the weight reduction bit
            $endgroup$
            – John Dvorak
            13 hours ago












            $begingroup$
            To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
            $endgroup$
            – Hobbamok
            13 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            To sprinkle in some physics: There is acutally ton of space between nuclei even in "densely packed" materials. It's the electrons that fills up the space, and handwaving them staying a tad closer to the core could make for a cool sciency scene. (also that would make the material appear far cooler
            $endgroup$
            – Hobbamok
            13 hours ago




            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
            $endgroup$
            – Alexander
            11 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Extra bit of info - restoration of weapons to original condition would require some handwavium. "Explosive decompression" would result in cracked and misshapen objects.
            $endgroup$
            – Alexander
            11 hours ago




            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
            $endgroup$
            – Moshe Katz
            5 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Upvoted for "squozen" :-)
            $endgroup$
            – Moshe Katz
            5 hours ago











            10












            $begingroup$

            Nice idea, but unfortunately not very realistic



            Here's why:




            • First off: Of course the atoms would be closer together but they would also repel each other. Which means as soon as you release the pressure, the atoms would push each other away and the weapon becomes bigger again, maybe not as big as originally but definitely quite close to that

            • Heat is an important factor. If you pump your tire with a hand pump and you touch the shaft of the pump afterwards you will notice that it will be quite hot. If you compress a weapon like you described there will be a lot of heat that has to be transported away. Else your weapon would either melt or lose its properties (see below)

            • Even if two pieces of metal or composed of the same element they can be different in the shape of the metal crystals. E.g. If you heat iron in a forge and cool it down slowly it will be softer and more flexible. If you cool it rapidly it will be very hard but break more easily. So the components in your weapon would probably loose their properties if you compress them.

            • Let's say you could compress them regardless of the facts above: How would you do it? If you apply pressure in one direction the weapon will squeeze towards the other direction. So you'd need to apply the pressure from all direction and it has to be exactly the same amount of pressure. Else your weapon will deform and will be useless after inflation.

            • And last but not least: How would you inflate it again without deformation? You'd need to reverse the process described above with perfect precision






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$









            • 2




              $begingroup$
              Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago
















            10












            $begingroup$

            Nice idea, but unfortunately not very realistic



            Here's why:




            • First off: Of course the atoms would be closer together but they would also repel each other. Which means as soon as you release the pressure, the atoms would push each other away and the weapon becomes bigger again, maybe not as big as originally but definitely quite close to that

            • Heat is an important factor. If you pump your tire with a hand pump and you touch the shaft of the pump afterwards you will notice that it will be quite hot. If you compress a weapon like you described there will be a lot of heat that has to be transported away. Else your weapon would either melt or lose its properties (see below)

            • Even if two pieces of metal or composed of the same element they can be different in the shape of the metal crystals. E.g. If you heat iron in a forge and cool it down slowly it will be softer and more flexible. If you cool it rapidly it will be very hard but break more easily. So the components in your weapon would probably loose their properties if you compress them.

            • Let's say you could compress them regardless of the facts above: How would you do it? If you apply pressure in one direction the weapon will squeeze towards the other direction. So you'd need to apply the pressure from all direction and it has to be exactly the same amount of pressure. Else your weapon will deform and will be useless after inflation.

            • And last but not least: How would you inflate it again without deformation? You'd need to reverse the process described above with perfect precision






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$









            • 2




              $begingroup$
              Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago














            10












            10








            10





            $begingroup$

            Nice idea, but unfortunately not very realistic



            Here's why:




            • First off: Of course the atoms would be closer together but they would also repel each other. Which means as soon as you release the pressure, the atoms would push each other away and the weapon becomes bigger again, maybe not as big as originally but definitely quite close to that

            • Heat is an important factor. If you pump your tire with a hand pump and you touch the shaft of the pump afterwards you will notice that it will be quite hot. If you compress a weapon like you described there will be a lot of heat that has to be transported away. Else your weapon would either melt or lose its properties (see below)

            • Even if two pieces of metal or composed of the same element they can be different in the shape of the metal crystals. E.g. If you heat iron in a forge and cool it down slowly it will be softer and more flexible. If you cool it rapidly it will be very hard but break more easily. So the components in your weapon would probably loose their properties if you compress them.

            • Let's say you could compress them regardless of the facts above: How would you do it? If you apply pressure in one direction the weapon will squeeze towards the other direction. So you'd need to apply the pressure from all direction and it has to be exactly the same amount of pressure. Else your weapon will deform and will be useless after inflation.

            • And last but not least: How would you inflate it again without deformation? You'd need to reverse the process described above with perfect precision






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$



            Nice idea, but unfortunately not very realistic



            Here's why:




            • First off: Of course the atoms would be closer together but they would also repel each other. Which means as soon as you release the pressure, the atoms would push each other away and the weapon becomes bigger again, maybe not as big as originally but definitely quite close to that

            • Heat is an important factor. If you pump your tire with a hand pump and you touch the shaft of the pump afterwards you will notice that it will be quite hot. If you compress a weapon like you described there will be a lot of heat that has to be transported away. Else your weapon would either melt or lose its properties (see below)

            • Even if two pieces of metal or composed of the same element they can be different in the shape of the metal crystals. E.g. If you heat iron in a forge and cool it down slowly it will be softer and more flexible. If you cool it rapidly it will be very hard but break more easily. So the components in your weapon would probably loose their properties if you compress them.

            • Let's say you could compress them regardless of the facts above: How would you do it? If you apply pressure in one direction the weapon will squeeze towards the other direction. So you'd need to apply the pressure from all direction and it has to be exactly the same amount of pressure. Else your weapon will deform and will be useless after inflation.

            • And last but not least: How would you inflate it again without deformation? You'd need to reverse the process described above with perfect precision







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited 3 hours ago









            Brythan

            20.9k74286




            20.9k74286










            answered 14 hours ago









            CKACKA

            96618




            96618








            • 2




              $begingroup$
              Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago














            • 2




              $begingroup$
              Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              14 hours ago








            2




            2




            $begingroup$
            Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            14 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Point 1: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point three: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Point four: part of the hand-wave, I'm ok with that. Five is the same. But three is a really cool bit to go with the Hephaïstos theme, thanks for the information.
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            14 hours ago











            7












            $begingroup$

            While not realistic per se, as pointed out by the answer of CKA, it can work as an "arbitrary" superpower, as long as it is consistent. So, what would happen if this Hephaïstos actually had the power of squeezing metal atoms together by thousandfolds if not millionfolds? He would create degenerate matter, the stuff white dwarf stars are made of.



            The compression would heat the metal to immense temperatures, so I will assume that the extra heat is temporarily stored by the power itself, and put back when it stops acting. Heat transfer depending on surface, it may have an immense heat capacity for its size, assuming the stable degenerate matter somehow keeps working like a metal in that regard.



            If the power stops instantly, then those baubles are bombs, possibly equivalent to nuclear weapons.



            If his power has an "inertia", and the bauble only slowly expands back to its original size once the effect stops, he can still use the expansion to break pretty much anything, but in the way of a hydraulic piston instead of a bomb. Inversely, the compression itself may be used to crush things with irresistible force, possibly up to nuclear fusion level. If you want to avoid this, the compression or expansion effect may be resisted externally due to how the power itself works - if expansion is limited, an object could be kept indefinitely in its compressed state if, for example, encased in something hard.



            Baubles massing several tons are extraordinarily scary things. They will fall through the ground if you leave them there. So as Hephaïstos is strong enough to wear it, he is also strong enough to throw them, and there is nothing (barring other superpowers) that can survive that level of armour-piercing. If he needs less armour-piercing and more impact damage, simply compress it less, to have more contact surface for the same projectile mass and speed. If he can compress and throw shrapnel, armor-piercing dust would also be a terrifying weapon. And of course, a bauble knife or cutting wire will cut through anything. Conversely, compressed armor will stop any non-superpowered attack with sheer mass and density.



            Also note that Hephaïstos is not only immensely strong, to be able to carry those, he also has an incredibly resistant skin (and clothes), or some sort of telekinetic powers. Otherwise, the baubles will go through him as easily as through any ordinary matter. (This type of required secondary superpower is similar to how Superman can grab a car by its bumper without ripping said bumper apart.)



            And of course, let's not forget that he is wearing literally tons of equipment, so a car hitting him will stop the car, not send him flying.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              10 hours ago


















            7












            $begingroup$

            While not realistic per se, as pointed out by the answer of CKA, it can work as an "arbitrary" superpower, as long as it is consistent. So, what would happen if this Hephaïstos actually had the power of squeezing metal atoms together by thousandfolds if not millionfolds? He would create degenerate matter, the stuff white dwarf stars are made of.



            The compression would heat the metal to immense temperatures, so I will assume that the extra heat is temporarily stored by the power itself, and put back when it stops acting. Heat transfer depending on surface, it may have an immense heat capacity for its size, assuming the stable degenerate matter somehow keeps working like a metal in that regard.



            If the power stops instantly, then those baubles are bombs, possibly equivalent to nuclear weapons.



            If his power has an "inertia", and the bauble only slowly expands back to its original size once the effect stops, he can still use the expansion to break pretty much anything, but in the way of a hydraulic piston instead of a bomb. Inversely, the compression itself may be used to crush things with irresistible force, possibly up to nuclear fusion level. If you want to avoid this, the compression or expansion effect may be resisted externally due to how the power itself works - if expansion is limited, an object could be kept indefinitely in its compressed state if, for example, encased in something hard.



            Baubles massing several tons are extraordinarily scary things. They will fall through the ground if you leave them there. So as Hephaïstos is strong enough to wear it, he is also strong enough to throw them, and there is nothing (barring other superpowers) that can survive that level of armour-piercing. If he needs less armour-piercing and more impact damage, simply compress it less, to have more contact surface for the same projectile mass and speed. If he can compress and throw shrapnel, armor-piercing dust would also be a terrifying weapon. And of course, a bauble knife or cutting wire will cut through anything. Conversely, compressed armor will stop any non-superpowered attack with sheer mass and density.



            Also note that Hephaïstos is not only immensely strong, to be able to carry those, he also has an incredibly resistant skin (and clothes), or some sort of telekinetic powers. Otherwise, the baubles will go through him as easily as through any ordinary matter. (This type of required secondary superpower is similar to how Superman can grab a car by its bumper without ripping said bumper apart.)



            And of course, let's not forget that he is wearing literally tons of equipment, so a car hitting him will stop the car, not send him flying.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              10 hours ago
















            7












            7








            7





            $begingroup$

            While not realistic per se, as pointed out by the answer of CKA, it can work as an "arbitrary" superpower, as long as it is consistent. So, what would happen if this Hephaïstos actually had the power of squeezing metal atoms together by thousandfolds if not millionfolds? He would create degenerate matter, the stuff white dwarf stars are made of.



            The compression would heat the metal to immense temperatures, so I will assume that the extra heat is temporarily stored by the power itself, and put back when it stops acting. Heat transfer depending on surface, it may have an immense heat capacity for its size, assuming the stable degenerate matter somehow keeps working like a metal in that regard.



            If the power stops instantly, then those baubles are bombs, possibly equivalent to nuclear weapons.



            If his power has an "inertia", and the bauble only slowly expands back to its original size once the effect stops, he can still use the expansion to break pretty much anything, but in the way of a hydraulic piston instead of a bomb. Inversely, the compression itself may be used to crush things with irresistible force, possibly up to nuclear fusion level. If you want to avoid this, the compression or expansion effect may be resisted externally due to how the power itself works - if expansion is limited, an object could be kept indefinitely in its compressed state if, for example, encased in something hard.



            Baubles massing several tons are extraordinarily scary things. They will fall through the ground if you leave them there. So as Hephaïstos is strong enough to wear it, he is also strong enough to throw them, and there is nothing (barring other superpowers) that can survive that level of armour-piercing. If he needs less armour-piercing and more impact damage, simply compress it less, to have more contact surface for the same projectile mass and speed. If he can compress and throw shrapnel, armor-piercing dust would also be a terrifying weapon. And of course, a bauble knife or cutting wire will cut through anything. Conversely, compressed armor will stop any non-superpowered attack with sheer mass and density.



            Also note that Hephaïstos is not only immensely strong, to be able to carry those, he also has an incredibly resistant skin (and clothes), or some sort of telekinetic powers. Otherwise, the baubles will go through him as easily as through any ordinary matter. (This type of required secondary superpower is similar to how Superman can grab a car by its bumper without ripping said bumper apart.)



            And of course, let's not forget that he is wearing literally tons of equipment, so a car hitting him will stop the car, not send him flying.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            While not realistic per se, as pointed out by the answer of CKA, it can work as an "arbitrary" superpower, as long as it is consistent. So, what would happen if this Hephaïstos actually had the power of squeezing metal atoms together by thousandfolds if not millionfolds? He would create degenerate matter, the stuff white dwarf stars are made of.



            The compression would heat the metal to immense temperatures, so I will assume that the extra heat is temporarily stored by the power itself, and put back when it stops acting. Heat transfer depending on surface, it may have an immense heat capacity for its size, assuming the stable degenerate matter somehow keeps working like a metal in that regard.



            If the power stops instantly, then those baubles are bombs, possibly equivalent to nuclear weapons.



            If his power has an "inertia", and the bauble only slowly expands back to its original size once the effect stops, he can still use the expansion to break pretty much anything, but in the way of a hydraulic piston instead of a bomb. Inversely, the compression itself may be used to crush things with irresistible force, possibly up to nuclear fusion level. If you want to avoid this, the compression or expansion effect may be resisted externally due to how the power itself works - if expansion is limited, an object could be kept indefinitely in its compressed state if, for example, encased in something hard.



            Baubles massing several tons are extraordinarily scary things. They will fall through the ground if you leave them there. So as Hephaïstos is strong enough to wear it, he is also strong enough to throw them, and there is nothing (barring other superpowers) that can survive that level of armour-piercing. If he needs less armour-piercing and more impact damage, simply compress it less, to have more contact surface for the same projectile mass and speed. If he can compress and throw shrapnel, armor-piercing dust would also be a terrifying weapon. And of course, a bauble knife or cutting wire will cut through anything. Conversely, compressed armor will stop any non-superpowered attack with sheer mass and density.



            Also note that Hephaïstos is not only immensely strong, to be able to carry those, he also has an incredibly resistant skin (and clothes), or some sort of telekinetic powers. Otherwise, the baubles will go through him as easily as through any ordinary matter. (This type of required secondary superpower is similar to how Superman can grab a car by its bumper without ripping said bumper apart.)



            And of course, let's not forget that he is wearing literally tons of equipment, so a car hitting him will stop the car, not send him flying.







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 12 hours ago









            EthEth

            2,8211821




            2,8211821












            • $begingroup$
              Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              10 hours ago




















            • $begingroup$
              Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
              $endgroup$
              – Nyakouai
              12 hours ago








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago










            • $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              12 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
              $endgroup$
              – Eth
              10 hours ago


















            $begingroup$
            Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            12 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            Thanks for the highlights, precisely the kind of extra details I need to make this coherent (after the not scientifical superpower). I lack the knowledge to understand why compression exhausts heat. Would it be possible to dissipate this heat by "quenching" the metal? (And thus, he would be able to create new objects effectively only in precises conditions). Also, as you noted, he is vastly over-powered, but this is kind of the point of a god themed mutant, so I'm fine with that :)
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            12 hours ago












            $begingroup$
            Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            12 hours ago






            $begingroup$
            Also, I'm curious regarding the inertia of a grain of dust (and further in the reasonning, a handful) weighting several tons. Hard time wrapping my head around the idea.
            $endgroup$
            – Nyakouai
            12 hours ago






            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            12 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai Matter is heating up when compressed, this is how freezers work - as to why, well, I'll let better qualified people answer that one :) As for dust grains massing tons, this would need a compression factor of at least 100 000 in each dimension (so its density would be a trillion times more). But even without going that far, a 10g, 0.01mm dust grain would exert a pressure of 10ton/cm² maybe not enough to go through the ground, but if thrown hard enough...
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            12 hours ago












            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            12 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai As for quenching, 1m³ cube compressed to 1cm³ would have the same mass, but with 1/10000 of the surface. Heat transfer happening on surface (assuming the compressed metal has the same thermal properties otherwise), then it would heat up or cool down 10000 times more slowly. This could potentially be useful...
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            12 hours ago




            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            10 hours ago






            $begingroup$
            @Nyakouai Yes, a 100 linear factor (affecting size) is also a 1M volumetric factor (affecting density), and a 10K surface factor (affecting surface area) as per the square-cube law This is why the anchor is 100 times smaller, but 1M times denser. Also I forgot, but he may need another secondary superpower: not being weighted down by what he carries. Otherwise, each of his footsteps will crack the pavement with the weight of many tons of equipment!
            $endgroup$
            – Eth
            10 hours ago













            4












            $begingroup$

            Metals are to some degree compressible, and they may be compressed even further undergoing some phase transitions to denser modifications. Plutonium is a metal famous for having many modifications and a more dense modification created under high pressure is one ingredient of a nuclear bomb.



            However, under given conditions (pressure and temperature) only one modification is stable and the other modifications are usually unstable or in rare cases meta-stable (like diamond, a meta-stable modification of carbon/graphite under normal conditions). A phase transition is always mass preserving and the chemical identity of the material is unchanged, but the stability of an object is usually not guaranteed and sharpness of weapons is surely not preserved.



            The best your mutants can have are weapons made of very dense meta-stable metal causing heavy violence to the victims and breaking weapons made of low density metals. Live transformations from small to big or vice versa won't work. Depending on the tech level, those very heavy weapons are probably copy-protected (but still can be conquered or stolen by non-mutants).






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$


















              4












              $begingroup$

              Metals are to some degree compressible, and they may be compressed even further undergoing some phase transitions to denser modifications. Plutonium is a metal famous for having many modifications and a more dense modification created under high pressure is one ingredient of a nuclear bomb.



              However, under given conditions (pressure and temperature) only one modification is stable and the other modifications are usually unstable or in rare cases meta-stable (like diamond, a meta-stable modification of carbon/graphite under normal conditions). A phase transition is always mass preserving and the chemical identity of the material is unchanged, but the stability of an object is usually not guaranteed and sharpness of weapons is surely not preserved.



              The best your mutants can have are weapons made of very dense meta-stable metal causing heavy violence to the victims and breaking weapons made of low density metals. Live transformations from small to big or vice versa won't work. Depending on the tech level, those very heavy weapons are probably copy-protected (but still can be conquered or stolen by non-mutants).






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$
















                4












                4








                4





                $begingroup$

                Metals are to some degree compressible, and they may be compressed even further undergoing some phase transitions to denser modifications. Plutonium is a metal famous for having many modifications and a more dense modification created under high pressure is one ingredient of a nuclear bomb.



                However, under given conditions (pressure and temperature) only one modification is stable and the other modifications are usually unstable or in rare cases meta-stable (like diamond, a meta-stable modification of carbon/graphite under normal conditions). A phase transition is always mass preserving and the chemical identity of the material is unchanged, but the stability of an object is usually not guaranteed and sharpness of weapons is surely not preserved.



                The best your mutants can have are weapons made of very dense meta-stable metal causing heavy violence to the victims and breaking weapons made of low density metals. Live transformations from small to big or vice versa won't work. Depending on the tech level, those very heavy weapons are probably copy-protected (but still can be conquered or stolen by non-mutants).






                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$



                Metals are to some degree compressible, and they may be compressed even further undergoing some phase transitions to denser modifications. Plutonium is a metal famous for having many modifications and a more dense modification created under high pressure is one ingredient of a nuclear bomb.



                However, under given conditions (pressure and temperature) only one modification is stable and the other modifications are usually unstable or in rare cases meta-stable (like diamond, a meta-stable modification of carbon/graphite under normal conditions). A phase transition is always mass preserving and the chemical identity of the material is unchanged, but the stability of an object is usually not guaranteed and sharpness of weapons is surely not preserved.



                The best your mutants can have are weapons made of very dense meta-stable metal causing heavy violence to the victims and breaking weapons made of low density metals. Live transformations from small to big or vice versa won't work. Depending on the tech level, those very heavy weapons are probably copy-protected (but still can be conquered or stolen by non-mutants).







                share|improve this answer












                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer










                answered 13 hours ago









                jknappenjknappen

                2,81111029




                2,81111029























                    0












                    $begingroup$

                    *Your World, Your Rules*



                    Having a basic understanding of the physics in our world can help you formulate a reasonable alternative for your world.



                    Here are a couple of articles that explain atoms and nuclei,




                    • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

                    • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/atomprop.html


                    Roughly paraphrasing the CUNY article,




                    An atom is about 10e-10 meters in size. Although atoms of different
                    elements vary in sizes, use a rough estimate of 10e-10 as the size of
                    any atom.



                    An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. The
                    nucleus is about 10e-15 m in size (about 10e-5 or 1/100,000 of the
                    atom). A good comparison of the nucleus to the atom is a pea in the
                    middle of a racetrack.



                    The nucleus is composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (zero).
                    There is a nuclear force which is (mostly) attractive and acts between
                    protons and neutrons, and is stronger than the repulsive electric
                    force.




                    Your blacksmith could generate some 'field' or alter metals to,




                    1. manipulate (amplify) the nuclear force of metals

                    2. moderate (reduce or weaken) repulsive force between nuclei of metals

                    3. add another particle to the nuclei of metals (to do the above)


                    Option 3 makes the most sense to me, depends upon how your desired storytelling






                    share|improve this answer









                    $endgroup$


















                      0












                      $begingroup$

                      *Your World, Your Rules*



                      Having a basic understanding of the physics in our world can help you formulate a reasonable alternative for your world.



                      Here are a couple of articles that explain atoms and nuclei,




                      • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

                      • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/atomprop.html


                      Roughly paraphrasing the CUNY article,




                      An atom is about 10e-10 meters in size. Although atoms of different
                      elements vary in sizes, use a rough estimate of 10e-10 as the size of
                      any atom.



                      An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. The
                      nucleus is about 10e-15 m in size (about 10e-5 or 1/100,000 of the
                      atom). A good comparison of the nucleus to the atom is a pea in the
                      middle of a racetrack.



                      The nucleus is composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (zero).
                      There is a nuclear force which is (mostly) attractive and acts between
                      protons and neutrons, and is stronger than the repulsive electric
                      force.




                      Your blacksmith could generate some 'field' or alter metals to,




                      1. manipulate (amplify) the nuclear force of metals

                      2. moderate (reduce or weaken) repulsive force between nuclei of metals

                      3. add another particle to the nuclei of metals (to do the above)


                      Option 3 makes the most sense to me, depends upon how your desired storytelling






                      share|improve this answer









                      $endgroup$
















                        0












                        0








                        0





                        $begingroup$

                        *Your World, Your Rules*



                        Having a basic understanding of the physics in our world can help you formulate a reasonable alternative for your world.



                        Here are a couple of articles that explain atoms and nuclei,




                        • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

                        • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/atomprop.html


                        Roughly paraphrasing the CUNY article,




                        An atom is about 10e-10 meters in size. Although atoms of different
                        elements vary in sizes, use a rough estimate of 10e-10 as the size of
                        any atom.



                        An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. The
                        nucleus is about 10e-15 m in size (about 10e-5 or 1/100,000 of the
                        atom). A good comparison of the nucleus to the atom is a pea in the
                        middle of a racetrack.



                        The nucleus is composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (zero).
                        There is a nuclear force which is (mostly) attractive and acts between
                        protons and neutrons, and is stronger than the repulsive electric
                        force.




                        Your blacksmith could generate some 'field' or alter metals to,




                        1. manipulate (amplify) the nuclear force of metals

                        2. moderate (reduce or weaken) repulsive force between nuclei of metals

                        3. add another particle to the nuclei of metals (to do the above)


                        Option 3 makes the most sense to me, depends upon how your desired storytelling






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$



                        *Your World, Your Rules*



                        Having a basic understanding of the physics in our world can help you formulate a reasonable alternative for your world.



                        Here are a couple of articles that explain atoms and nuclei,




                        • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

                        • http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/physics/sobel/Nucphys/atomprop.html


                        Roughly paraphrasing the CUNY article,




                        An atom is about 10e-10 meters in size. Although atoms of different
                        elements vary in sizes, use a rough estimate of 10e-10 as the size of
                        any atom.



                        An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. The
                        nucleus is about 10e-15 m in size (about 10e-5 or 1/100,000 of the
                        atom). A good comparison of the nucleus to the atom is a pea in the
                        middle of a racetrack.



                        The nucleus is composed of protons (positive) and neutrons (zero).
                        There is a nuclear force which is (mostly) attractive and acts between
                        protons and neutrons, and is stronger than the repulsive electric
                        force.




                        Your blacksmith could generate some 'field' or alter metals to,




                        1. manipulate (amplify) the nuclear force of metals

                        2. moderate (reduce or weaken) repulsive force between nuclei of metals

                        3. add another particle to the nuclei of metals (to do the above)


                        Option 3 makes the most sense to me, depends upon how your desired storytelling







                        share|improve this answer












                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer










                        answered 10 hours ago









                        ChuckCottrillChuckCottrill

                        1315




                        1315























                            0












                            $begingroup$

                            Don't forget about inertia. You must push as hard to move a bauble as if it were its normal size & every movement continues in its direction & rotation until you put in the same energy as you did to get it started. (Consider handling a piano via an attached bracelet charm.) This also means that the force & pressure to push it and get the friction to twist it is increased.



                            On the other hand, you really don't need weapons or metals, you can just compress rocks or for that matter marshmallows, because when you throw them the target is going to have to donate the same amount of energy at the same pressures as you.



                            PS Asimov addressed some of these issues in the introduction of, text of, and essays about his novelization of the movie Fantastic Voyage, wherein humans & their submarine are shrunk to do surgery.






                            share|improve this answer








                            New contributor




                            philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                            Check out our Code of Conduct.






                            $endgroup$


















                              0












                              $begingroup$

                              Don't forget about inertia. You must push as hard to move a bauble as if it were its normal size & every movement continues in its direction & rotation until you put in the same energy as you did to get it started. (Consider handling a piano via an attached bracelet charm.) This also means that the force & pressure to push it and get the friction to twist it is increased.



                              On the other hand, you really don't need weapons or metals, you can just compress rocks or for that matter marshmallows, because when you throw them the target is going to have to donate the same amount of energy at the same pressures as you.



                              PS Asimov addressed some of these issues in the introduction of, text of, and essays about his novelization of the movie Fantastic Voyage, wherein humans & their submarine are shrunk to do surgery.






                              share|improve this answer








                              New contributor




                              philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                              Check out our Code of Conduct.






                              $endgroup$
















                                0












                                0








                                0





                                $begingroup$

                                Don't forget about inertia. You must push as hard to move a bauble as if it were its normal size & every movement continues in its direction & rotation until you put in the same energy as you did to get it started. (Consider handling a piano via an attached bracelet charm.) This also means that the force & pressure to push it and get the friction to twist it is increased.



                                On the other hand, you really don't need weapons or metals, you can just compress rocks or for that matter marshmallows, because when you throw them the target is going to have to donate the same amount of energy at the same pressures as you.



                                PS Asimov addressed some of these issues in the introduction of, text of, and essays about his novelization of the movie Fantastic Voyage, wherein humans & their submarine are shrunk to do surgery.






                                share|improve this answer








                                New contributor




                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.






                                $endgroup$



                                Don't forget about inertia. You must push as hard to move a bauble as if it were its normal size & every movement continues in its direction & rotation until you put in the same energy as you did to get it started. (Consider handling a piano via an attached bracelet charm.) This also means that the force & pressure to push it and get the friction to twist it is increased.



                                On the other hand, you really don't need weapons or metals, you can just compress rocks or for that matter marshmallows, because when you throw them the target is going to have to donate the same amount of energy at the same pressures as you.



                                PS Asimov addressed some of these issues in the introduction of, text of, and essays about his novelization of the movie Fantastic Voyage, wherein humans & their submarine are shrunk to do surgery.







                                share|improve this answer








                                New contributor




                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                                share|improve this answer



                                share|improve this answer






                                New contributor




                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.









                                answered 7 hours ago









                                philipphilip

                                1




                                1




                                New contributor




                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.





                                New contributor





                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.






                                philip is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                Check out our Code of Conduct.























                                    0












                                    $begingroup$

                                    The size of atoms, the size of molecules, and the distance of metal atoms in the crystal grid are determined by the size of the electron hull, which in turn depends on the interaction of the electrons with each other and with the nucleus.



                                    Electrons around nuclei behave a bit like three-dimensional standing waves, comparable to a resonating surface, but in space. The wave's shape is determined by the electric charge of the electron and proton, the mass of the electron, its energy and the vacuum permittivity.
                                    The latter in turn is connected to the light speed; higher speed of light would decrease the permittivity which in turn would increase forces between charges, if I understand correctly. Let's assume that higher forces would result in smaller atoms and denser crystal grids. All your hero needs to do is to locally increase the speed of light. I would think that that is equivalent to locally speeding up time. Easy ;-).






                                    share|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$


















                                      0












                                      $begingroup$

                                      The size of atoms, the size of molecules, and the distance of metal atoms in the crystal grid are determined by the size of the electron hull, which in turn depends on the interaction of the electrons with each other and with the nucleus.



                                      Electrons around nuclei behave a bit like three-dimensional standing waves, comparable to a resonating surface, but in space. The wave's shape is determined by the electric charge of the electron and proton, the mass of the electron, its energy and the vacuum permittivity.
                                      The latter in turn is connected to the light speed; higher speed of light would decrease the permittivity which in turn would increase forces between charges, if I understand correctly. Let's assume that higher forces would result in smaller atoms and denser crystal grids. All your hero needs to do is to locally increase the speed of light. I would think that that is equivalent to locally speeding up time. Easy ;-).






                                      share|improve this answer









                                      $endgroup$
















                                        0












                                        0








                                        0





                                        $begingroup$

                                        The size of atoms, the size of molecules, and the distance of metal atoms in the crystal grid are determined by the size of the electron hull, which in turn depends on the interaction of the electrons with each other and with the nucleus.



                                        Electrons around nuclei behave a bit like three-dimensional standing waves, comparable to a resonating surface, but in space. The wave's shape is determined by the electric charge of the electron and proton, the mass of the electron, its energy and the vacuum permittivity.
                                        The latter in turn is connected to the light speed; higher speed of light would decrease the permittivity which in turn would increase forces between charges, if I understand correctly. Let's assume that higher forces would result in smaller atoms and denser crystal grids. All your hero needs to do is to locally increase the speed of light. I would think that that is equivalent to locally speeding up time. Easy ;-).






                                        share|improve this answer









                                        $endgroup$



                                        The size of atoms, the size of molecules, and the distance of metal atoms in the crystal grid are determined by the size of the electron hull, which in turn depends on the interaction of the electrons with each other and with the nucleus.



                                        Electrons around nuclei behave a bit like three-dimensional standing waves, comparable to a resonating surface, but in space. The wave's shape is determined by the electric charge of the electron and proton, the mass of the electron, its energy and the vacuum permittivity.
                                        The latter in turn is connected to the light speed; higher speed of light would decrease the permittivity which in turn would increase forces between charges, if I understand correctly. Let's assume that higher forces would result in smaller atoms and denser crystal grids. All your hero needs to do is to locally increase the speed of light. I would think that that is equivalent to locally speeding up time. Easy ;-).







                                        share|improve this answer












                                        share|improve this answer



                                        share|improve this answer










                                        answered 5 hours ago









                                        Peter A. SchneiderPeter A. Schneider

                                        791410




                                        791410























                                            0












                                            $begingroup$

                                            I'll be looking at the energy side of this with my admittedly very cursory understanding of degenerate matter, because it's pretty interesting. If you want to compress metal down to small, but still macroscopic sizes it's probably alright to disregard anything to do with the nucleus and just look at the Fermi energy of the electron gas within the metal. The energy per electron is $E = hbar^2 (3pi^2*Electron Density)^{2/3}/2me $ in a Fermi gas. According to this table http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html the value for iron would be $17*10^{28}$ free electrons per cubic meter. Which gives us about $11 eV$ of energy per free electron. If you want to cut the iron's density by a factor of say, ten, we have ten times higher electron density and an increase in energy of $10^{2/3}$, ca. $4.64$. So each free electron has an energy of about $51eV$ now. As said before, there's $17*10^{28}$ free electrons in a cubic meter of iron. Each of those has 40 additional electronvolts of energy now, which comes up to a total of $1.09 * 10^{12} J$ of energy, or $260 t$ of TNT equivalent. Yep, a block of metal is practically a small nuke. Formidable indeed if your mutant can also spontaneously decompress metal.



                                            To answer 1): The density in a White Dwarf is a hundred thousand times larger than iron, but the nuclei still stay intact in the degenerate electron gas. Iron will stay iron even for a very high compression.
                                            2): Yes, I see nothing that would indicate otherwise. It's just very dense.
                                            3): Realistically it'd be a white hot nugget of extremely high temperature, see math above. Having it be stable requires handwaving. It makes intuitive sense that extreme density would also result in an increase in durability though, there's simply more mass to move out of the way if someone wants to punch a hole into it. Another cool property you could give these metals is superconductivity. Highly compressed hydrogen is theorized to turn into a superconducting metal for example, so it's not a farfetched idea to apply that here too. There's all kinds of cool stuff coming with that, like levitating in magnetic fields.






                                            share|improve this answer









                                            $endgroup$


















                                              0












                                              $begingroup$

                                              I'll be looking at the energy side of this with my admittedly very cursory understanding of degenerate matter, because it's pretty interesting. If you want to compress metal down to small, but still macroscopic sizes it's probably alright to disregard anything to do with the nucleus and just look at the Fermi energy of the electron gas within the metal. The energy per electron is $E = hbar^2 (3pi^2*Electron Density)^{2/3}/2me $ in a Fermi gas. According to this table http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html the value for iron would be $17*10^{28}$ free electrons per cubic meter. Which gives us about $11 eV$ of energy per free electron. If you want to cut the iron's density by a factor of say, ten, we have ten times higher electron density and an increase in energy of $10^{2/3}$, ca. $4.64$. So each free electron has an energy of about $51eV$ now. As said before, there's $17*10^{28}$ free electrons in a cubic meter of iron. Each of those has 40 additional electronvolts of energy now, which comes up to a total of $1.09 * 10^{12} J$ of energy, or $260 t$ of TNT equivalent. Yep, a block of metal is practically a small nuke. Formidable indeed if your mutant can also spontaneously decompress metal.



                                              To answer 1): The density in a White Dwarf is a hundred thousand times larger than iron, but the nuclei still stay intact in the degenerate electron gas. Iron will stay iron even for a very high compression.
                                              2): Yes, I see nothing that would indicate otherwise. It's just very dense.
                                              3): Realistically it'd be a white hot nugget of extremely high temperature, see math above. Having it be stable requires handwaving. It makes intuitive sense that extreme density would also result in an increase in durability though, there's simply more mass to move out of the way if someone wants to punch a hole into it. Another cool property you could give these metals is superconductivity. Highly compressed hydrogen is theorized to turn into a superconducting metal for example, so it's not a farfetched idea to apply that here too. There's all kinds of cool stuff coming with that, like levitating in magnetic fields.






                                              share|improve this answer









                                              $endgroup$
















                                                0












                                                0








                                                0





                                                $begingroup$

                                                I'll be looking at the energy side of this with my admittedly very cursory understanding of degenerate matter, because it's pretty interesting. If you want to compress metal down to small, but still macroscopic sizes it's probably alright to disregard anything to do with the nucleus and just look at the Fermi energy of the electron gas within the metal. The energy per electron is $E = hbar^2 (3pi^2*Electron Density)^{2/3}/2me $ in a Fermi gas. According to this table http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html the value for iron would be $17*10^{28}$ free electrons per cubic meter. Which gives us about $11 eV$ of energy per free electron. If you want to cut the iron's density by a factor of say, ten, we have ten times higher electron density and an increase in energy of $10^{2/3}$, ca. $4.64$. So each free electron has an energy of about $51eV$ now. As said before, there's $17*10^{28}$ free electrons in a cubic meter of iron. Each of those has 40 additional electronvolts of energy now, which comes up to a total of $1.09 * 10^{12} J$ of energy, or $260 t$ of TNT equivalent. Yep, a block of metal is practically a small nuke. Formidable indeed if your mutant can also spontaneously decompress metal.



                                                To answer 1): The density in a White Dwarf is a hundred thousand times larger than iron, but the nuclei still stay intact in the degenerate electron gas. Iron will stay iron even for a very high compression.
                                                2): Yes, I see nothing that would indicate otherwise. It's just very dense.
                                                3): Realistically it'd be a white hot nugget of extremely high temperature, see math above. Having it be stable requires handwaving. It makes intuitive sense that extreme density would also result in an increase in durability though, there's simply more mass to move out of the way if someone wants to punch a hole into it. Another cool property you could give these metals is superconductivity. Highly compressed hydrogen is theorized to turn into a superconducting metal for example, so it's not a farfetched idea to apply that here too. There's all kinds of cool stuff coming with that, like levitating in magnetic fields.






                                                share|improve this answer









                                                $endgroup$



                                                I'll be looking at the energy side of this with my admittedly very cursory understanding of degenerate matter, because it's pretty interesting. If you want to compress metal down to small, but still macroscopic sizes it's probably alright to disregard anything to do with the nucleus and just look at the Fermi energy of the electron gas within the metal. The energy per electron is $E = hbar^2 (3pi^2*Electron Density)^{2/3}/2me $ in a Fermi gas. According to this table http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/fermi.html the value for iron would be $17*10^{28}$ free electrons per cubic meter. Which gives us about $11 eV$ of energy per free electron. If you want to cut the iron's density by a factor of say, ten, we have ten times higher electron density and an increase in energy of $10^{2/3}$, ca. $4.64$. So each free electron has an energy of about $51eV$ now. As said before, there's $17*10^{28}$ free electrons in a cubic meter of iron. Each of those has 40 additional electronvolts of energy now, which comes up to a total of $1.09 * 10^{12} J$ of energy, or $260 t$ of TNT equivalent. Yep, a block of metal is practically a small nuke. Formidable indeed if your mutant can also spontaneously decompress metal.



                                                To answer 1): The density in a White Dwarf is a hundred thousand times larger than iron, but the nuclei still stay intact in the degenerate electron gas. Iron will stay iron even for a very high compression.
                                                2): Yes, I see nothing that would indicate otherwise. It's just very dense.
                                                3): Realistically it'd be a white hot nugget of extremely high temperature, see math above. Having it be stable requires handwaving. It makes intuitive sense that extreme density would also result in an increase in durability though, there's simply more mass to move out of the way if someone wants to punch a hole into it. Another cool property you could give these metals is superconductivity. Highly compressed hydrogen is theorized to turn into a superconducting metal for example, so it's not a farfetched idea to apply that here too. There's all kinds of cool stuff coming with that, like levitating in magnetic fields.







                                                share|improve this answer












                                                share|improve this answer



                                                share|improve this answer










                                                answered 4 hours ago









                                                SunnySunny

                                                662




                                                662






























                                                    draft saved

                                                    draft discarded




















































                                                    Thanks for contributing an answer to Worldbuilding Stack Exchange!


                                                    • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                                                    But avoid



                                                    • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                                                    • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                                                    Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


                                                    To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                                                    draft saved


                                                    draft discarded














                                                    StackExchange.ready(
                                                    function () {
                                                    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fworldbuilding.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f143654%2fcan-you-compress-metal-and-what-would-be-the-consequences%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                                                    }
                                                    );

                                                    Post as a guest















                                                    Required, but never shown





















































                                                    Required, but never shown














                                                    Required, but never shown












                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Required, but never shown

































                                                    Required, but never shown














                                                    Required, but never shown












                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Required, but never shown







                                                    Popular posts from this blog

                                                    Færeyskur hestur Heimild | Tengill | Tilvísanir | LeiðsagnarvalRossið - síða um færeyska hrossið á færeyskuGott ár hjá færeyska hestinum

                                                    He _____ here since 1970 . Answer needed [closed]What does “since he was so high” mean?Meaning of “catch birds for”?How do I ensure “since” takes the meaning I want?“Who cares here” meaningWhat does “right round toward” mean?the time tense (had now been detected)What does the phrase “ring around the roses” mean here?Correct usage of “visited upon”Meaning of “foiled rail sabotage bid”It was the third time I had gone to Rome or It is the third time I had been to Rome

                                                    Slayer Innehåll Historia | Stil, komposition och lyrik | Bandets betydelse och framgångar | Sidoprojekt och samarbeten | Kontroverser | Medlemmar | Utmärkelser och nomineringar | Turnéer och festivaler | Diskografi | Referenser | Externa länkar | Navigeringsmenywww.slayer.net”Metal Massacre vol. 1””Metal Massacre vol. 3””Metal Massacre Volume III””Show No Mercy””Haunting the Chapel””Live Undead””Hell Awaits””Reign in Blood””Reign in Blood””Gold & Platinum – Reign in Blood””Golden Gods Awards Winners”originalet”Kerrang! Hall Of Fame””Slayer Looks Back On 37-Year Career In New Video Series: Part Two””South of Heaven””Gold & Platinum – South of Heaven””Seasons in the Abyss””Gold & Platinum - Seasons in the Abyss””Divine Intervention””Divine Intervention - Release group by Slayer””Gold & Platinum - Divine Intervention””Live Intrusion””Undisputed Attitude””Abolish Government/Superficial Love””Release “Slatanic Slaughter: A Tribute to Slayer” by Various Artists””Diabolus in Musica””Soundtrack to the Apocalypse””God Hates Us All””Systematic - Relationships””War at the Warfield””Gold & Platinum - War at the Warfield””Soundtrack to the Apocalypse””Gold & Platinum - Still Reigning””Metallica, Slayer, Iron Mauden Among Winners At Metal Hammer Awards””Eternal Pyre””Eternal Pyre - Slayer release group””Eternal Pyre””Metal Storm Awards 2006””Kerrang! Hall Of Fame””Slayer Wins 'Best Metal' Grammy Award””Slayer Guitarist Jeff Hanneman Dies””Bullet-For My Valentine booed at Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards””Unholy Aliance””The End Of Slayer?””Slayer: We Could Thrash Out Two More Albums If We're Fast Enough...””'The Unholy Alliance: Chapter III' UK Dates Added”originalet”Megadeth And Slayer To Co-Headline 'Canadian Carnage' Trek”originalet”World Painted Blood””Release “World Painted Blood” by Slayer””Metallica Heading To Cinemas””Slayer, Megadeth To Join Forces For 'European Carnage' Tour - Dec. 18, 2010”originalet”Slayer's Hanneman Contracts Acute Infection; Band To Bring In Guest Guitarist””Cannibal Corpse's Pat O'Brien Will Step In As Slayer's Guest Guitarist”originalet”Slayer’s Jeff Hanneman Dead at 49””Dave Lombardo Says He Made Only $67,000 In 2011 While Touring With Slayer””Slayer: We Do Not Agree With Dave Lombardo's Substance Or Timeline Of Events””Slayer Welcomes Drummer Paul Bostaph Back To The Fold””Slayer Hope to Unveil Never-Before-Heard Jeff Hanneman Material on Next Album””Slayer Debut New Song 'Implode' During Surprise Golden Gods Appearance””Release group Repentless by Slayer””Repentless - Slayer - Credits””Slayer””Metal Storm Awards 2015””Slayer - to release comic book "Repentless #1"””Slayer To Release 'Repentless' 6.66" Vinyl Box Set””BREAKING NEWS: Slayer Announce Farewell Tour””Slayer Recruit Lamb of God, Anthrax, Behemoth + Testament for Final Tour””Slayer lägger ner efter 37 år””Slayer Announces Second North American Leg Of 'Final' Tour””Final World Tour””Slayer Announces Final European Tour With Lamb of God, Anthrax And Obituary””Slayer To Tour Europe With Lamb of God, Anthrax And Obituary””Slayer To Play 'Last French Show Ever' At Next Year's Hellfst””Slayer's Final World Tour Will Extend Into 2019””Death Angel's Rob Cavestany On Slayer's 'Farewell' Tour: 'Some Of Us Could See This Coming'””Testament Has No Plans To Retire Anytime Soon, Says Chuck Billy””Anthrax's Scott Ian On Slayer's 'Farewell' Tour Plans: 'I Was Surprised And I Wasn't Surprised'””Slayer””Slayer's Morbid Schlock””Review/Rock; For Slayer, the Mania Is the Message””Slayer - Biography””Slayer - Reign In Blood”originalet”Dave Lombardo””An exclusive oral history of Slayer”originalet”Exclusive! Interview With Slayer Guitarist Jeff Hanneman”originalet”Thinking Out Loud: Slayer's Kerry King on hair metal, Satan and being polite””Slayer Lyrics””Slayer - Biography””Most influential artists for extreme metal music””Slayer - Reign in Blood””Slayer guitarist Jeff Hanneman dies aged 49””Slatanic Slaughter: A Tribute to Slayer””Gateway to Hell: A Tribute to Slayer””Covered In Blood””Slayer: The Origins of Thrash in San Francisco, CA.””Why They Rule - #6 Slayer”originalet”Guitar World's 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists Of All Time”originalet”The fans have spoken: Slayer comes out on top in readers' polls”originalet”Tribute to Jeff Hanneman (1964-2013)””Lamb Of God Frontman: We Sound Like A Slayer Rip-Off””BEHEMOTH Frontman Pays Tribute To SLAYER's JEFF HANNEMAN””Slayer, Hatebreed Doing Double Duty On This Year's Ozzfest””System of a Down””Lacuna Coil’s Andrea Ferro Talks Influences, Skateboarding, Band Origins + More””Slayer - Reign in Blood””Into The Lungs of Hell””Slayer rules - en utställning om fans””Slayer and Their Fans Slashed Through a No-Holds-Barred Night at Gas Monkey””Home””Slayer””Gold & Platinum - The Big 4 Live from Sofia, Bulgaria””Exclusive! Interview With Slayer Guitarist Kerry King””2008-02-23: Wiltern, Los Angeles, CA, USA””Slayer's Kerry King To Perform With Megadeth Tonight! - Oct. 21, 2010”originalet”Dave Lombardo - Biography”Slayer Case DismissedArkiveradUltimate Classic Rock: Slayer guitarist Jeff Hanneman dead at 49.”Slayer: "We could never do any thing like Some Kind Of Monster..."””Cannibal Corpse'S Pat O'Brien Will Step In As Slayer'S Guest Guitarist | The Official Slayer Site”originalet”Slayer Wins 'Best Metal' Grammy Award””Slayer Guitarist Jeff Hanneman Dies””Kerrang! Awards 2006 Blog: Kerrang! Hall Of Fame””Kerrang! Awards 2013: Kerrang! Legend”originalet”Metallica, Slayer, Iron Maien Among Winners At Metal Hammer Awards””Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards””Bullet For My Valentine Booed At Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards””Metal Storm Awards 2006””Metal Storm Awards 2015””Slayer's Concert History””Slayer - Relationships””Slayer - Releases”Slayers officiella webbplatsSlayer på MusicBrainzOfficiell webbplatsSlayerSlayerr1373445760000 0001 1540 47353068615-5086262726cb13906545x(data)6033143kn20030215029