How “unless” and “until” affect the structure and meaning of a complex sentence












0















Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question









New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    yesterday








  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday













  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    13 hours ago













  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    12 hours ago
















0















Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question









New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    yesterday








  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday













  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    13 hours ago













  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    12 hours ago














0












0








0


1






Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless







share|improve this question









New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












Here is an ex­cerpt from a book I’m read­ing:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed
in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our
per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als
are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a
pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of
that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions
and the abil­i­ties to act.




Can any­body help me to in­ter­pret these lines, as the us­age of un­less and un­til seems quite com­plex?






meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless




meaning syntactic-analysis grammatical-structure till-until unless






share|improve this question









New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited yesterday









tchrist♦

109k30295472




109k30295472






New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked yesterday









Sudhir SharmaSudhir Sharma

11




11




New contributor




Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    yesterday








  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday













  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    13 hours ago













  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    12 hours ago














  • 1





    The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

    – Jason Bassford
    yesterday








  • 1





    Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday











  • (But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

    – Hot Licks
    yesterday













  • What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

    – Shoe
    13 hours ago













  • @Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

    – Sudhir Sharma
    12 hours ago








1




1





The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

– Jason Bassford
yesterday







The entire passage is overly complex. I don't think the problem has anything to do with either unless or until. Does the following make sense? Unless you are told otherwise, keep exercising until you are tired. If it does, then you know what those words mean. Your problem isn't with them, but with parsing everything else.

– Jason Bassford
yesterday






1




1





Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

– Hot Licks
yesterday





Have you looked up "unless" and "until" in a dictionary?

– Hot Licks
yesterday













(But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

– Hot Licks
yesterday







(But I agree that the paragraph is gobbledygook. I suspect it was written to intentionally obfuscate it's claims.)

– Hot Licks
yesterday















What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

– Shoe
13 hours ago







What drugs do (except when con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts) is to re­duce both 1.) our per­cep­tion of what can be ac­com­plished and 2.) our per­cep­tion of what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish. Drugs reduce 1.) and 2.) until 1.) and 2.) are in balance. This is a state which people find pleasant, but it is only a simulation of the real enjoyment that comes from having the opportunity and ability to actually do something.

– Shoe
13 hours ago















@Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

– Sudhir Sharma
12 hours ago





@Shoe What does until mean here sir? Does it mean that the perception is reduced till 1.) and 2.) are in balance?

– Sudhir Sharma
12 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer


























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    14 hours ago











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    11 hours ago











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    3 hours ago











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    2 hours ago











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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active

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active

oldest

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active

oldest

votes









1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer


























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    14 hours ago











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    11 hours ago











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    3 hours ago











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    2 hours ago
















1














Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer


























  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    14 hours ago











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    11 hours ago











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    3 hours ago











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    2 hours ago














1












1








1







Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.







share|improve this answer















Original text:




Un­less con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts, as is prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties, what drugs in fact do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both what can be ac­com­plished and what we as in­di­vid­u­als are able to ac­com­plish, un­til the two are in bal­ance. This is a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, but it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of that en­joy­ment that comes from in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions and the abil­i­ties to act.




My interpretation:




What drugs in fact [normally] do is re­duce our per­cep­tion of both ... :

(1) what [theoretically] can be ac­com­plished; and also

(2) what we as in­di­vid­u­als are [actually] able to ac­com­plish

until [our per­cep­tion of item (1) above & our per­cep­tion of item (2) above] are in balance [with one another].

[That can seem to be] a pleas­ant state of af­fairs, ...

but [in reality] it is only a mis­lead­ing sim­u­la­tion of [the] en­joy­ment that comes from [what seems like]

(1) in­creas­ing op­por­tu­ni­ties for ac­tions, and

(2) the abil­i­ties to act.



[Unless ...] The only occasions when drugs do not have that effect is when they are "con­sumed in highly skilled rit­ual con­texts" [such as the rituals] prac­ticed in many tra­di­tional so­ci­eties.








share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 3 hours ago

























answered yesterday









TrevorDTrevorD

10.7k22457




10.7k22457













  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    14 hours ago











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    11 hours ago











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    3 hours ago











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    2 hours ago



















  • Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    14 hours ago











  • Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

    – Sudhir Sharma
    11 hours ago











  • I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

    – TrevorD
    3 hours ago











  • It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

    – AlannaRose
    2 hours ago

















Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

– Sudhir Sharma
14 hours ago





Sir, until does seem ambiguous here. Until 1 and 2 balance each other out is not clear. Please help to clear this.

– Sudhir Sharma
14 hours ago













Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

– Sudhir Sharma
11 hours ago





Does until mean that both the perceptions are reduced till both are in balance.

– Sudhir Sharma
11 hours ago













I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

– TrevorD
3 hours ago





I've made some revisions to my answer - does that help?

– TrevorD
3 hours ago













It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

– AlannaRose
2 hours ago





It seems like the author is implying that the two reduced perceptions being in balance is what leads to "a pleasant state of affairs" in the next sentence.

– AlannaRose
2 hours ago










Sudhir Sharma is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










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