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Kólumbía Leiðsagnarvalbæta við greininab

KólumbíaSpænskumælandi lönd


Suður-AmeríkuVenesúelaBrasilíuEkvadorPerúPanamaKaríbahafiKyrrahafinuSan Andrés y ProvidenciaNíkaragvafrumbyggjumsteinöldMuiscaQuimbayaTaironaSpánverjar1499Varakonungsdæmið Nýja-GranadaBógótaStór-KólumbíaSimón Bolívar1819VenesúelaEkvadorLýðveldið Nýja-GranadaPanama1903frjálslyndraíhaldsmannalíffjölbreytniregnskógaAmasónsvæðinuAndesfjöllhitabeltisgresjurRómönsku AmeríkuBrasilíuMexíkóBógótaMedellínolíakolsmaragðakaffispappírs










Kólumbía


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República de Colombia

Fáni Kólumbíu

Skjaldamerki Kólumbíu

Fáni

Skjaldarmerki


Kjörorð:
Libertad y Orden
(spænska: Frelsi og regla)

Þjóðsöngur:
Oh Gloria Inmarcesible!

Staðsetning Kólumbíu

Höfuðborg

Bógóta

Opinbert tungumál

spænska

Stjórnarfar

Lýðveldi


Forseti

Iván Duque Márquez

Sjálfstæði frá Spáni

 - Yfirlýst
20. júlí, 1810 
 - Viðurkennt
7. ágúst, 1819 

Flatarmál
 - Samtals
 - Vatn (%)

26. sæti
1.141.748 km²
8,8

Mannfjöldi
 - Samtals (2015)
 - Þéttleiki byggðar

27. sæti
48.014.026
40,74/km²

VLF (KMJ)
- Samtals
- á mann
áætl. 2015
427,139 millj. dala (31. sæti)
8.858 dalir (83. sæti)

Gjaldmiðill

kólumbískur pesi

Tímabelti

UTC-5

Þjóðarlén

.co

Landsnúmer
57

Kólumbía er land í norðvesturhluta Suður-Ameríku með landamæri að Venesúela og Brasilíu í austri, Ekvador og Perú í suðri og Panama í norðvestri. Það á strönd að Karíbahafi í norðri og Kyrrahafinu í vestri. Kólumbía ræður yfir stórum eyjaklasa í Karíbahafi, San Andrés y Providencia, undan strönd Níkaragva.


Landið þar sem nú er Kólumbía var byggt frumbyggjum frá því í steinöld. Þar stóðu menningarsamfélögin Muisca, Quimbaya og Tairona. Spánverjar komu til landsins árið 1499 og lögðu það brátt undir sig. Þeir stofnuðu Varakonungsdæmið Nýja-Granada með höfuðborgina Bógóta. Varakonungsdæmið lýsti yfir sjálfstæði sem Stór-Kólumbía í kjölfar herfara Simón Bolívar 1819. Nokkrum árum síðar klufu Venesúela og Ekvador sig frá þessu ríki og eftir varð Lýðveldið Nýja-Granada. Panama klauf sig frá Kólumbíu árið 1903. Eftir síðari heimsstyrjöld leiddu pólitísk átök til tíu ára vopnaðra átaka, La Violencia. Stjórnarsamstarf frjálslyndra og íhaldsmanna batt endi á þessi átök en brátt hófst skæruhernaður við ýmsa vopnaða hópa og glæpasamtök sem hefur haldið áfram til þessa dags.


Kólumbía er eitt af sautján löndum heims með mesta líffjölbreytni. Landið nær yfir regnskóga á Amasónsvæðinu, Andesfjöll og hitabeltisgresjur. Kólumbía er þriðja fjölmennasta ríki Rómönsku Ameríku og þriðja stærsta hagkerfið á eftir Brasilíu og Mexíkó. Flestar stærstu borgir landsins, eins og Bógóta og Medellín, standa á hásléttum í Andesfjöllum. Helstu útflutningsafurðir Kólumbíu eru olía og kol, en landið er líka þekkt fyrir framleiðslu smaragða, kaffis og pappírs meðal annars.




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